African American farmers -- Southern States; Agriculture -- Economic aspects -- Southern States
The land is sandy and should have skillful handling to get the best
results. Yet the farming is very unscientific. The first plowing is
shallow and subsequent cultivation is done almost entirely with hoes.
When a Hampton graduate began some new methods last year the people came
for miles to see his big plow. It is said that there was more plowing
than usual as a result. The daily life of the farmer is about as
follows: Rising between four and five he goes directly to the field,
eating nothing until eight or nine, when he has some "grits," a sort of
fine hominy cooked like oat meal. Many eat nothing until they leave the
field at eleven for dinner, which also consists of grits with some crabs
in summer and fish in winter. Some have only these two meals a day. Corn
bread and molasses are almost unknown and when they have molasses it is
eaten with a spoon. Knives and forks are seldom used. One girl of
eighteen did not know how to handle a knife. There are numbers of cows
on the island, but milk is seldom served, the cattle being sold for
beef. The draft animals are usually small oxen or ponies, called "salt
marsh tackies," as they are left to pick their living from the marshes.
Some chickens and turkeys are raised, but no great dependence is placed
on them. There are no geese and few ducks. Little commercial fertilizer
is used, the marsh grass, which grows in great abundance, being an
excellent substitute of which the more progressive take advantage. The
following statement will illustrate the situation of three typical
families, an unusual, a good, and an average farmer. The figures are for
1902:
No. 1. No. 2. No. 3.
Number in family 8 13 4
Number rooms 6 5 2
Number outbuildings 5 3 0
Number horses 4 1 0
Number cows 9 5 1
Number hogs 10 3 0
Number other animals 1 dog 2 goats 1 dog
1 dog
Number fowls 90 30 10
Acres of land owned 55 21 0
Acres of land rented 0 0 10-5/8
Acres in cotton 10 3.5 5
Acres in corn 8 5 5
Acres in sweet potatoes 3 3.5 3/8
Acres in white potatoes 1/4 0 0
Acres in peas (cow) 5.5 1.5 1/4
Acres in rice 1.5 0 0
Garden Very small Poor None
The rice is grown without flooding and known as "Providence Rice."
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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