Germany -- Politics and government -- 1918-1933; Germany. Verfassung (1919)
It is observed that the Constitution has attempted a kind of codification
of rules for a parliamentary régime, such as its authors have conceived
it. It attempts to give thus a guarantee that this régime, new in
Germany, will develop along the fixed course it has traced for it. It is
interesting to inquire how up to now German statesmen have observed these
rules. To this end it seems that the best thing to do is to describe how
a Ministry actually is formed, works and is dissolved.
* * * * *
(1) Normally, and it must be so according to the German Constitution,
when it is a matter of forming a new Ministry, the chief of state charges
some political leader with the task of constituting a Cabinet and
assuming the direction of its affairs. This man chooses collaborators
with whom he agrees or can come to an agreement to the effect that
they work in common for the realization of a specific programme. The
Ministry thus formed is submitted to the Parliament and presents to it
its programme. If the Parliament accepts, the Ministry goes to work.
Otherwise it is withdrawn. In any event a ministerial crisis resolves
itself in a few days.
In Germany the formation of a Ministry is always an extremely complicated
affair. Instead of only two great parties--which seems the ideal
condition or at any rate the traditional situation in the normal
functioning of a parliamentary régime--there are in Germany five or six
parties, none of which consists of a sufficient number of members to
have in itself a majority. In addition the Cabinet’s difficulties are
almost inextricable and the party that accepts a part in the ruling power
realizes the risk it immediately incurs in exercising it. Likewise the
different parties do not always lend themselves with good grace to this
risk and often prefer the egoistic attitude and the convenient rôle of an
opposition rather than the heavy and perilous task of governing. Whereas
any political party worthy of the name should have an excellent programme
in which it believes and should want nothing better than to come into
power in order to realize such a programme, the political parties in
Germany, little sure of their programmes, prefer, before attempting to
apply them, to wait until the insufficiency of the programmes of the
other parties has been previously demonstrated.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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