Being obliged to work, is the individual at least master of the product of his toil? May he dispose of his property as he wishes? No longer. As with his work, the _individual must place his property at the service of the community_. And the same idea that has resulted in the restriction of his liberty to work now leads to a corresponding restriction of his right over property; “Property rights imply property duties.” (Article 153.) These restrictions are several kinds. First, that of _expropriation_. It is true that this was already admitted in individualist doctrine. But this doctrine hemmed the right of expropriation on the part of the state within narrow limits, inasmuch as it prescribed strictly the cases in which the state could use this right, and provided always the payment of a just and, usually, a previously ascertained indemnity. These two guarantees given to property owners are strikingly diminished in the new German constitutional law. On the one hand, it is true the principle is retained that expropriation must not be resorted to except for the welfare of the community. But this notion of general welfare has been particularly elastic. Thus in Article 155 the State is permitted to expropriate in cases of housing crises, in the interests of settlement and reclamation of land, or in the improvement of agriculture. Thus the Socialization Law and after it the Constitution in Article 156 permit the state to transfer to public ownership private business enterprises adapted for socialization. On the other hand, the principle of a just indemnity seems to have been retained. However, there is but one case in which indemnity is imposed and guaranteed by the Constitution; it is that where the Reich expropriates “the property of the States, municipalities, and associations of public utility.” In all other cases the restriction provided in Article 153 applies; expropriation takes place with indemnity “in so far as is not otherwise provided by national law.” In addition to expropriation, the Constitution provides other restrictions on the right of property: Land owners are under the _obligation to cultivate it and utilize it_. However, there is no provision made in case this duty is not carried out. _The right of inheritance is guaranteed_, but the State has the right to take part of the inheritance according to provisions determined by the laws of the Reich, in particular fiscal laws. _An increase in the value of land_ arising without the application of labour or capital to the property accrues to the benefit of the community as a whole.