What can the Factory Workers Councils do otherwise than enter into the framework of already existing organisms and, directed by the Trades Unions, aid in the development of these organisms? In other words, the Factory Workers Councils--and this is also the formal will of the legislator--should be the _delegates of the Trades Unions in each factory_ to supervise there the application of the agreements adopted by the Trades Unions and the employers associations. In addition what could the Factory Workers Councils do if they had not behind them the power of the strong organizations of the Trades Unions? A Factory Workers Council, that could not count on the support of a strong union, could exercise no useful activity whatever. It would be soft wax in the hands of the employers. If they want to do efficacious work, the Factory Workers Councils, even though they are the direct emanation from the workers of the factory, must conduct themselves as organs of the Trade Union, and can only play an important rôle if they march hand in hand with the Trade Union. This dependence of the Factory Workers Councils on the Trade Union gives rise naturally to two considerations. _The Factory Workers Council is without resources_, whereas the Trade Union is rich; the one cannot undertake anything without the aid of the other. But naturally it will not obtain this aid unless it submits to the guidance given it. On the other hand, in order to discuss adequately with the employer the difficult problems that come within the authority of the Factory Workers Council, there is required a preliminary education which the worker does not possess unless he has had long experience in Trade Union life. He often lacks the knowledge and the experience which cannot be acquired except slowly and in the school of the Trade Unions. For this reason also, the Factory Workers Councils should follow Trade Union direction. The champions of the system of Councils do not concede this subordination of the Factory Workers Councils to the Trade Unions. There is an essential difference between the two, they declare. The Trade Union has as its exclusive mission the preparation and the direction of struggles for wages and conditions of work _under the régime of capitalist production_. The Factory Workers Council is _warring for a new system of production_. And its mission is to prepare the working class to take into its own hands the direction of production. That is why the _organization of the Factory Workers Council must be independent of the Trades Unions, and must develop outside of the framework of the Trades Unions_.