These organs form the Industrial Economic Councils which we have already examined. An example will illustrate this hypothesis. Legislature decides, for instance, to subject the chemical industry to the régime of the collective economy. It combines, therefore, all the manufactories of chemical products into a sort of obligatory _cartel_, the bond uniting the different manufactories being more or less close according to circumstances. The system of administration by “autonomous bodies” will consist of the institution of one or more organisms, such as Economic Councils of the Chemical Industry, in which will be represented all the individuals, associations and Councils interested, and which will manage together the German chemical industry. The chemical industry will thus form an autonomous body, that is to say, a sort of public corporation under the supervision of the State. Further than this, however, it is not possible at the present time to specify the distinctive traits of this new legal category. We must wait until legislation has organized a number of autonomous bodies before we can state precisely their general characteristics and give them a place in the collective institutions of public law. Still less possible, naturally, is it to forecast the economic consequences to which they may give rise. * * * * * However, the Constitution has not felt that it should give the ordinary legislator absolute freedom to proceed according to his fancy to the enactment of measures for socialization more or less complete. It has therefore provided certain limits on the exercise of the rights it confers on the legislature. (1) Only the legislature of the Reich may enact socialization measures. (2) No industry may be socialized except when it is “ripe for this socialization.” This is the so-called _maturity clause_. (3) Enterprises which the legislator wishes to organize as “autonomous bodies” may not be so proceeded against except “in case of urgent necessity.” These last two restrictions may seem very important. In reality, however, they constitute a purely fictitious restraint; for the legislature is the sole judge, at any time that it wishes to socialize an industry, as to whether that industry is “ripe” or not, and whether or not the case is one of urgent necessity.