Germany -- Politics and government -- 1918-1933; Germany. Verfassung (1919)
The Assembly decided to retain in principle the electoral
districts that had served in their own election; the only modifications
to be made were those necessitated by very grave imperfections of the
distribution.
Having rejected a new distribution of districts, the Assembly had also
logically to reject the institution of “tickets of groups of districts”
as a substitute for district tickets; it thus came back to the system of
Project A--fixed districts for all parties and the assigning of fractions
to a ticket for the Reich.
This ticket for the Reich, therefore, would have been presented if
there had not been brought forward some modifications of the principle
because of grave inconveniences. Foremost of these was the following
objection: In trying to apportion the votes cast by the electors for
the National Assembly according to the mechanism provided by Project A,
it was seen that 18 per cent of the members of the Reichstag, that is
nearly one-fifth, would be elected on the ticket for the Reich and it was
estimated that such a result in the elections of future Reichstags would
be but little compatible with the constitutional principle of the direct
vote. It was decided in rejecting “group-of-districts tickets” to create,
nevertheless, groups of districts. Political parties could declare in
advance that they would “unite” within these groups the whole or parts
of their district tickets, in such manner that the votes cast for these
tickets and remaining unutilized would be assigned to the district
tickets receiving the largest number of votes. It would not be until this
second redistribution that the fractions would be transferred to the
ticket for the Reich. The object was to avoid the possibility that by
assigning fractions to “joined” tickets and to the ticket for the Reich,
the big political parties would be thereby risking loss to the advantage
of small groups of electors which could not assemble within any district
an appreciable number of votes.
For this reason the following double distribution was adopted. No party
will be entitled to a seat by “joining” its district tickets unless one
of its tickets has obtained at least 30,000 votes (half of the number
necessary to elect a member). No party will be assigned on the ticket
for the Reich a larger number of members of the Reichstag than had been
elected for that party in the districts on the district tickets.
II.--THE ELECTORATE AND ELIGIBILITY.
In principle every German twenty years old is an elector, without
distinction of sex.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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