Germany -- History -- Revolution, 1918; Germany -- Politics and government -- 1918-1933
Their main objection to the present Government had been that it
prejudiced the German political revolution and spiritual renascence in
the eyes of the Entente. And they now, as representing the main forces
of idealism in Germany, opposed the peace terms on international not
on national grounds--as a conspiracy against the peace and prosperity
of the European worker, not as a combination against the power and
progress of the German Empire. Consequently, as the main body of the
workers, that is, the driving power of the country, were of this party
and had moreover been forced out of practical politics by the reaction
party, when the terms were published there was no spontaneous
explosion of emotion in Germany. Crushing as they were, there was no
moral force to oppose against them; either national, as a century
before in revolutionary France, or international, as a year before in
revolutionary Russia.
The whole tone of private conversations and of Press _communiqués_ on
Thursday and Friday showed that the Government with individual
exceptions, would sign the terms. And further the whole tradition of
the Majority-Socialist and of the Centrum rank and file suggested that
they would in this follow the lead of the Government and give it a
parliamentary majority. Indeed, such passive acquiescence reflected
accurately enough the prevalent point of view in a disorganised and
devitalised community.
Late on that Friday night, judging from an account given me of the
proceedings in the Cabinet and from general considerations, I
telegraphed that Germany would sign even such conditions as those
published.[H]
But where all is negative and minus, a very small positive and plus
factor can make itself predominant. The Democratic party represented
politically such nationalist idealism as was left. Theodor Wolff, in
the _Berliner Tageblatt_, started a campaign for non-signature, at
first only with the compromising support of the extreme Right. Within
a few hours the feeble Government and half-famished capital came
under pressure from two points--Paris and the provinces.
The German delegation to Paris had been made very representative in
order to strengthen the Government in eventually imposing unacceptable
terms on various interests; but the effect of their week's wait in
their wired pen at Fontainebleau seems to have been to give them all
an incipient attack of "barb wire fever." As the guiding brain of the
Cabinet, Landsberg had been substituted for David on the delegation
owing to personal and political reasons, and as influential Majority
Socialists were on it also, this was serious. Opposition to signature
appeared in the Cabinet; and the leading article in Sunday's
_Vorwärts_ by Stampfer, the editor, who had gone to Paris hoping to
meet his French _confrères_ indicated that the Majority Socialists
were also dividing on the question of signature.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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