Germany -- History -- Revolution, 1918; Germany -- Politics and government -- 1918-1933
The political situation in Bavaria after the revolution had rested
entirely on the personal power of the idealist Jew, Kurt Eisner. His
influence over both revolutionaries and reformers produced in Munich a
coalition of Socialists in which the predominant element was
progressive; whereas in Berlin, for want of any such personality the
coalition split up into reactionaries and revolutionaries. The
assassination of Eisner and the disablement of Auer on 21st February
were succeeded by some weeks of the Hoffmann Government during which
the issue as between parliamentary and council government was defining
itself. The distribution of force at this time appears from a division
in the Assembly of Councils where the proclamation of a Räte-Republik
(a Council State) was outvoted by 230 to 70; Levien himself, the
Bolshevist, declaring against it as premature. But during March the
strong movement to the left and towards a Council constitution,
noticeable in the Berlin Räte-Congress, made apparently even greater
progress in the Bavarian industrial towns. Majority-Socialists, the
Social-Democrats, found their followers going over _en masse_ to the
Independents, while the latter lost equally heavily to the Communists.
In Prussia the Majoritarians had made up for this loss of popular
support by creating a military force strong enough to resist any
attempt to overthrow them by other than constitutional means. But in
Bavaria the Majority party found itself being left in the air. It
seems thereupon to have adopted a policy of outbidding its opponents.
At Augsburg, late in March, Niekisch, a leading Majoritarian, declared
for a Räte-Republik exclusive of Parliament, and succeeded in getting
it voted. The vote was later rescinded under influence of the
Independents and Communists, but restored under Majoritarian pressure.
The same curious reversal of rôles followed in Munich, where a
Majoritarian, Thomas, pressed for a Räte-Republik. A commission of
Left Majoritarians and Right Independents was appointed on April 4th
and adopted a programme including the dictatorship of the working
class, the organisation of a council system on an industrial and
professional basis, the socialisation of industries, banks, and land,
the revolutionising of administrative, judicial, and educational
systems, the separation of Church and State, compulsory work for all
classes, the formation of a Red Army, and alliance with Hungary and
Russia.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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