Eastern Bengal—Its rivers—Its fertility—Ancient weaving industry—Modern hand-looms—Growth of jute—Variable prices—Jute or rice?—Settlement and zemindars—Boycott on cotton and salt—Lord Curzon and the Partition—Alternative scheme—Useless protests against Partition—The Fast of Commemoration—Part cause of unrest—So-called sentimental objections—Separation from Calcutta—Sorrows of landlords—Conjunction with Assam—Fears of separation from Calcutta High Court 160 CHAPTER X SWADESHI AND THE VOLUNTEERS Earlier forms of Swadeshi—The Swadeshi Oath—Effect of the movement—Encouraged by women—Various Swadeshi manufactures—Official encouragement—Congress resolutions—Boycott and picketing—The Volunteers—Origin in early Congresses—“Little Brothers of the Poor”—Protection to women pilgrims—Encouragement of athletes—Sufferers from boycott 178 CHAPTER XI THE NAWAB Dacca—City anchorite—Nawab Salimulla—His history and position—Government loan—Support of Partition—Mohammedan against Hindu—Nawab’s palace—His conversation—Views on cooking, jewellery, women, and politics—His happiness and confidence in Providence—Belief in English education—Influence over Mohammedans—Characteristics of Mohammedans—A letter to Layard—Favour to Mohammedans—Petty persecution of Hindus—Espionage—How far amusing, how far mean—Memories of Eastern Bengal 189 CHAPTER XII THREE BENGALIS AND THE PAPERS The Kalighat of Calcutta—Worship of Kali—Her symbolism—Other temple of Kali—Ramakrishna Society—Moti Lal Ghose—His brother and religion—The _Amrita Bazar Patrika_—Moti Lal’s opinions—Surendra Nath Banerjea—Past history—Position in politics—Ripon College and the _Bengalee_—His power as an orator—Manner of eloquence—_Bande Mataram_—An Extremist paper—Arabindo Ghose connected with it—His past career—His policy of general Swadeshi and boycott of the Government and everything foreign—His gratitude for Lord Curzon’s rule—Growth of Indian nationality—Scheme for an Indian popular assembly—Advocacy of national courage—Macaulay’s accusation of cowardice—Religious tone of Bengali Nationalists—Extract from Arabindo Ghose’s address in Bombay—Violent language of Indian and Anglo-Indian papers—Examples of style from the _Asian_ and the _Times of India_—Insults to Mr. Keir Hardie and the Indians of Bombay 206 CHAPTER XIII A MAHRATTA SHOE