Transcriber's note: Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). A caret character is used to denote superscription: a bracketed group following the caret is superscripted (example: ^{16 88} - these are page number references in the original). Page numbers enclosed by curly braces (example: {25}) have been incorporated to facilitate the use of these references and the Index. * * * * * THE NEW YORK OBELISK Cleopatra's Needle _WITH A PRELIMINARY SKETCH OF THE HISTORY ERECTION, USES, AND SIGNIFICATION OF OBELISKS_ BY CHARLES E. MOLDENKE, A.M., PH.D. NEW YORK ANSON D. F. RANDOLPH AND CO. 38 WEST TWENTY-THIRD STREET 1891 _Copyright_, 1891, BY CHARLES E. MOLDENKE. University Press: PRESSWORK BY JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE. {iii}TABLE OF CONTENTS. Chapter I. Obelisks--where found, and when, and by whom erected. 1-11 §1. The present site of obelisks. 1-5. §2. By whom obelisks were erected. 5-7. §3. By whom obelisks were ransported. 7-8. §4. List of obelisks. 8-11. I. Erect Obelisks. 9-10. II. Prostrate Obelisks. 10-11. Chapter II. The quarrying, transporting, and raising of obelisks. 12-17 §1. How obelisks were quarried. 12-15. §2. How obelisks were transported. 15-17. §3. How obelisks were raised. 17. Chapter III. The form, name, dimensions, invention, material, and use of obelisks. 18-25 §1. The form of the obelisk and the pyramidion. 18-21. §2. The derivation of the name "obelisk". 21-22. §3. The dimensions of obelisks. 22-23. §4. The material of obelisks. 23-24. §5. The invention of obelisks and the use they were put to. 24-25. Chapter IV. The signification of the obelisk and the worship of the sun. 26-34 Chapter V. The history of the New York Obelisk, and its removal from Alexandria. 35-45 §1. History of the New York Obelisk. 35-40. §2. The removal of the obelisk to New York City. 40-45. Chapter VI. The inscriptions of the New York Obelisk. 46-78 I. Inscriptions of Thothmes III. 46-61. The Pyramidion. 46-55. The Obelisk Proper. 56-61. II. Inscriptions of Ramses II. 62-71. {iv} Vertical columns. 62-70. The base. 71. III. Inscriptions of Osarkon I. 71-72. IV. Inscriptions of Augustus. 72-74. The full translation of the obelisk. 74-78. Chapter VII. Notes on the translation and the crabs. 79-83