§1. Arabic and other translations of the New York Obelisk. 79-81. §2. The crabs of the obelisk and the inscriptions on them. 81-83. Chapter VIII. Egypt: its geographical divisions and its cities. 84-92 Upper Egypt. 84-90. Lower Egypt. 90-92. A Glossary of names and terms occurring in this book and pertaining to Egyptological subjects. 93-154 List of the Egyptian dynasties. 108-111. The Coptic alphabet. 113. The Demotic alphabet. 116. The Hieratic alphabet. 124. A Glossary of hieroglyphs occurring in this book, together with their pronunciation and determinative value. 155-173 A Glossary of the Egyptian words occurring on the New York Obelisk. 174-190 Index of Proper Names. 191-202 {v}EXPLANATION OF THE VIGNETTES AT THE HEAD OF THE CHAPTERS. CHAPTER I. (Page 1.) The goddess of victory in the form of a vulture holding a flabellum or fan of feathers and a signet-ring in each claw. CHAPTER II. (Page 12.) The goddess Nekheb, the tutelary deity of kings, represented as a vulture carrying the Atef-crown on its head and holding a flabellum or fan of feathers and a signet-ring in each claw. CHAPTER III. (Page 18.) The winged Uræus-snake or cobra, the tutelary goddess of Upper and Lower Egypt. CHAPTER IV. (Page 26.) The symbol of the god Horus of Edfu, represented as the winged disk of the sun encircled by two Uræus-snakes or cobras. CHAPTER V. (Page 35.) Ancient Alexandria reconstructed. {vii}PREFATORY. The oldest nation on the globe sends her greeting to her youngest sister. The "Setting Sun" has shed its last rays on the Old World from Egypt's sunny land and now appears on this western shore as a brilliant "Rising Sun". In the metropolis of the Western Hemisphere one of Egypt's grandest treasures meets our eyes and, though silent, reminds us of her former greatness. Here stands a monument of two of her greatest Pharaohs, lords and conquerors, scourges of their people, and a terror to their foes. It tells the story of serfs and teems with cringing words and the praise of despots. Yet it was a glorious time when this monument was erected and inscribed, a time of power, pride, learning, greatness, conquest for the lords, but for the people a time of abject subjection, misery, and hardships. Pharaoh was master of all. But the sun of his grandeur has set and vanished, and our obelisk, that proud monument of Pharaonic times, now sees a spectacle which the greatest flight of fancy could not have pictured to any man of those by-gone days.