Michelet, quoted, 11, 195. Mileto, 210. Millet, 4, 12. Monasteries, plundered by Northmen, 35, 164; Norman, 81, 164 _f._, 171–75; their lands, 157 _f._, 171 _f._; schools, 175–77; libraries, 177–80; as centres of historical writing, 180–83; relation to mediæval epic, 185; their churches, 186–89; south-Italian, 176, 181, 225, 235–37. Monreale, 189, 241 _f._ Mont-Saint-Michel, 10, 171; peasants, 158; property, 172; buildings, 158, 173, 187, 189; library, 173, 178. See Robert of Torigni. Monte Cassino, 178, 235–37. Monte Gargano, 198, 216. Montelius, O., quoted, 37. Montfort, 133. Montpellier, 177. Mortemer, 65. Mosaics, in Sicily, 241 _ff._ Nantes, 33. Naples, 197 _f._, 222, 246. Napoleon, 76. Néel of Saint-Sauveur, 59. Neilos Doxopatrios, 238, 240. Nicæa, 52, 58, 195, 212. Niccola Pisano, 246. Nicholas II, Pope, 204. Nietzsche, 18, 55. Normandy, millenary of, 1–4, 25 _f._; compared with England, 5 _f._; general features, 6–8; Upper and Lower, 8–11; inhabitants, 11–16; periods in its history, 17–22; general importance, 22–24; conquered by Northmen, 26–48; how far Scandinavian, 48–51; under William the Conqueror, 59–61, 66–72, 152 _f._; its archives, 66 _f._; relations with Anjou and Maine, 61–63; with France, 63–65; with England, 73–83; centre of Plantagenet empire, 85–88; influence on England, 100–13; conquered by Philip Augustus, 131–41; occupied by English in fifteenth century, 142–44; final union with France, 17, 19, 144; influence on France, 23, 141; dialect, 49, 145, 224; life of lords, 149–57; of peasants, 157 _f._; of towns, 159–64; church, 71 _f._, 81, 164–71; monasteries, 171–75; their schools, 175–77; libraries, 177–80; historians, 12, 47, 180–84; vernacular literature, 184–86; architecture, 186–89; the ‘greater Normandy,’ 147, 182. Normans, characteristics, 11–16, 192, 225, 247; conquest of England, 52, 72–83, 223 _f._; in southern Italy and Sicily, 2–4, 13 _f._, 16, 22–24, 94, 150, 177, 181, 189, 192, 198–211, 218–49; in Spain, 16, 181, 192, 195; as pilgrims, 193–96, 198 _f._, 241; on the Crusades, 2, 16, 91, 127–31, 182, 184, 211–17; in Syria, 215 _f._ See Normandy. Northmen, 12, 16 _f._; invasion of Normandy, 26 _ff._; causes and course of migrations, 29–31; in Frankish empire, 31–35; in England, 31–34; their culture and organization, 35–44; influence on Normandy, 48–51; as Crusaders, 211. Noto, 209. Odo, bishop of Bayeux, 4, 57, 76, 166 _f._, 185 _f._, 212. Ordericus Vitalis, his _History_, 154, 174, 178, 180–83; quoted, 14, 176, 180, 199. Orleans, schools of, 177. Ouche, 181. Palermo, Normans at, 189, 208, 210 _f._, 226, 231 _f._, 238 _ff._; churches, 230, 241 _f._; palace, 242–44.