Hauk’s story, moreover, makes Thorvald a companion of Karlsefni, not an independent explorer. It has further to be noticed that until the episode of his death it is not certain that the original wording of this text recognizes Thorvald Ericson at all. Up to the point of Karlsefni’s expedition the only reference to Eric’s family in either of the companion texts reads as follows: ‘At that time Eric had a wife named Thjodhild, and by her _two_ sons, one called Thorstein and the other Leif’: Thorvald, it will be observed, is not mentioned at all. In the list of those accompanying Karlsefni, the purer text of Eric’s Saga again contains no reference to this son of the house. ‘There was a man named Thorvald’, it runs, ‘who was a connexion by marriage of Eric the Red.’ Thorvald, the connexion by marriage, is obviously not Eric’s son, but, as Hauk correctly so far amends the passage, a slip for ‘_Thorvard_, who married Freydis, an illegitimate daughter of Eric the Red’. Hauk then interpolates ‘and Thorvald Ericson’ in conformity with the story of his death which is subsequently introduced. This, the uniped episode, seems to be later in origin than the main body of the saga. The melodramatic death-speech of Thorvald is borrowed almost verbatim from the death-scene of Thormod Kolbrunarskald, as given in the Heimskringla; so that a Greenlander in Wineland is here represented as intelligently anticipating the utterance of an Icelander in Norway. Then again the uniped, as has already been pointed out, is a borrowed conception: it is not a creature typical of the normal superstitions of early Scandinavia. The passage, as will be seen on a reference to the text, where it has been omitted, is in no way necessary to the story, and the sense is not affected by its absence. It would seem therefore as if the author of the text on which Hauk’s version is founded, having derived from another source an exaggerated and romanticized account of Thorvald’s death in Wineland, interpolated it in the saga without taking the trouble to make his account of Eric’s family or Karlsefni’s companions tally with the final form of the story.