Greek literature -- History and criticism; Nurses; Thesis (Ph. D.)
In another Oration of Demosthenes, In Evergum, there is an instance of
an old and poor nurse living with the man she had nursed as a child. The
father of this person, in recompense for her care, had given her her
freedom: καὶ μετ’ αὐτῆς τίτθή τις ἐμοὶ γενομένη πρεσβυτέρα, ἄνθρωπος
εὔνους καὶ πιστή, καὶ ἀφειμένη ἐλευθέρα ὑπὸ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ ἐμοῦ.[42] She
married and on the death of her husband returned to her nursling, who
received her all the more willingly inasmuch as he was about to leave
home and was pleased to have such a sure companion for his wife. When
Euvergus and his accomplices break into the house, they find the old
woman seated at table with the mistress and children. The nurse, trying
to conceal a vase in her dress, is seen by the robbers who fall upon her
and beat her until she gives it up. Some days afterwards she dies from
injuries received, but not before having been cared for by a doctor
summoned especially for her.
No instance is given by Plato or Aristotle of the manumission of a
nurse. The former, on the contrary, speaks of the δούλεια ἤθη
τροφῶν.[43]
The nurse of New Comedy is usually a slave; still she sometimes receives
her freedom, as in the case of Moschio’s nurse in the Samia of Menander:
τοῦ δὲ Μοσχίωνος ἦν
τίτθη τις αὕτη πρεσβυτέρα, γεγονυῖ’ ἐμὴ
θεράπαιν’, ἐλευθέρα δὲ νῦν.[44]
“Though emancipated, she yet remained in the service of her former
master,” her status being similar to that of the metic.[45] We also have
inscriptional evidence that women belonging to the metic class were
employed as nurses who being free-born must have received wages:
Ἀπολλοδώρου ἰσοτέλου θυγάτηρ Μέλιττα τίτθη.[46]
_Foreign Nurses_
Though the Athenians had a natural repugnance to the severity of the
Spartan discipline, still the aversion was not so intense but that some
of the Lacedemonian customs found ready acceptance in Athens.
Aristophanes, Birds, 1281,[47] makes it clear that the Athenians were
“Spartan-mad.” For this reason, no doubt, Spartan women whose robust
health was famed throughout Greece,[48] were sought to inaugurate that
regimen peculiar to the Spartan nurse. Hence Plutarch: Διὸ καὶ τῶν
ἔξωθεν ἔνιοι τοῖς τέκνοις Λακωνικὰς ἐωνοῦντο τιτθάς,[49] and he also
records that Amycla, the nurse of Alcibiades was a Spartan: Ἀλκιβιάδου
δὲ καὶ τίτθην, γένος Λάκαιναν, Ἀμύκλαν ὄνομα.[50] The virtue of these
Spartan women and the esteem in which they were generally held are
attested to by a monument erected by Diogeitus to the nurse of his
children. On it we find the following inscription:
Ἐνθάδε γῆ κατέχει τίτθην παιδίων Διογείτου ἐκ
Πελοποννήσου τὴν δὲ δικαιοτάτην.
Μαλίχα Κυθηρία.[51]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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