Propagation is effected by seeds and divisions. =Lophospermum.= See Maurandya. =Loquat.= See Photinia. =Lotus.= _Leguminosæ._ The species may be raised annually from seeds. Increased also by cuttings. =Lotus of the Nile.= See Nymphæa. =Lovage= (_Levisticum officinale_). _Umbelliferæ._ Seeds sown in the open ground, and division. =Lucern.= See Medicago. =Luculia.= _Rubiaceæ._ Sow seeds in sandy soil and place in a little heat. Cuttings of young shoots may be inserted in spring, under glass, in gentle bottom heat for the first two or three weeks. Insert immediately after cutting and water freely. =Luffa= (Dish-cloth Gourd). _Cucurbitaceæ._ Seeds, sown in the open, or in the north better started in pots in early spring. =Lunaria= (Honesty). _Cruciferæ._ Propagated by seeds or by divisions. =Lupinus= (Lupin). _Leguminosæ._ Seeds of annuals may be sown in the open border during early spring. The perennials may be increased the same way, or by dividing the stronger growing plants during very early spring. =Lycaste.= _Orchideæ._ Division and pseudo-bulbs. (See also under Orchids). =Lychnis=, including Agrostemma, Viscaria. _Caryophylleæ._ Increased readily in spring by seeds, divisions or cuttings. =Lycium= (Matrimony Vine, Box Thorn). _Solanaceæ._ Increased by seeds, suckers, layers; and by cuttings made in autumn or spring. =Lygodium= (Hartford Fern, Climbing Fern). _Filices._ By spores and divisions of the root. See Ferns. =Lyonia.= _Ericaceæ._ Increased by seeds, which should be sown very carefully in sandy peat soil. Also by layers. =Lysimachia= (Loosestrife). _Primulaceæ._ Propagation is easily effected by seeds; by divisions in late autumn or early spring; and by cuttings. =Lythrum= (Loosestrife). _Lythrarieæ._ Seeds and divisions are the usual methods. Cuttings are employed for some species. =Maclura= (Osage Orange). _Urticaceæ._ Sow seed in the spring. Soak in warm water a few days before sowing. =Madia.= _Compositæ._ Seeds. =Magnolia.= _Magnoliaceæ._ Seeds are commonly used. The coverings should be macerated from the very pulpy species. The cucumber-trees and some others are sown directly in autumn. The seeds of any species should not be allowed to become thoroughly dry. Magnolias strike well from green cuttings, cut to a heel and handled under glass. Layers are often used. Named varieties are veneer- or side-grafted upon strong stocks. The cucumber tree (_M. acuminata_) is used as a stock for all species. The umbrella tree (_M. umbrella_) is also a good stock. =Mahernia.= _Sterculiaceæ._ Propagated during summer by cuttings of young shoots, one or two inches long, inserted in sandy soil, under glass. =Mahonia.= See Berberis. =Maidenhair-tree.= See Ginkgo. =Maize=(_Zea Mays_). _Gramineæ._