11. Common French.--Pitch, 1/2 lb.; beeswax, 1/2 lb.; cow-dung, 1 lb. Boil together, melt and apply with a brush. 12. Common French Bandage Wax.--Equal parts of beeswax, turpentine and resin. While warm spread on strips of coarse cotton or strong paper. 13. Grafting Clay.--1/3 cow-dung, free from straw, and 2/3 clay, or clayey loam, with a little hair, like that used in plaster, to prevent its cracking. Beat and temper it for two or three days until it is thoroughly incorporated. When used it should be of such a consistency as to be easily put on and shaped with the hands. 14. Resin, 2 lbs. 12 ozs.; Burgundy pitch, 1 lb. 11 ozs. At the same time, melt 9 ozs. of tallow; pour the latter into the former, while both are hot, and stir the mixture thoroughly. Then add 18 ozs. of red ochre, dropping it in gradually and stirring the mixture at the same time. 15. Black pitch, 28 parts; Burgundy pitch, 28 parts; beeswax, 16 parts; grease, 14 parts; yellow ochre, 14 parts. 16. Black pitch, 28 lbs.; Burgundy pitch, 28 lbs.; yellow wax, 16 lbs.; suet or tallow, 14 lbs.; sifted ashes, 14 lbs. When used, warm sufficiently to make it liquid, without being so hot as to injure the texture of the branches. 17. Melt together 1-1/4 lb. of clear resin and 3/4 lb. of white pitch. At the same time melt 1/4 lb. of tallow. Pour the melted tallow into the first mixture, and stir vigorously. Then before the stuff cools add, slowly stirring meantime, 1/2 lb. of Venetian red. This may be used warm or cold. _4. Waxed String and Bandage._ 18. Waxed String for Root-grafting.--Into a kettle of melted wax place balls of No. 18 knitting cotton. Turn the balls frequently, and in five minutes they will be thoroughly saturated, when they are dried and put away for future use. This material is strong enough, and at the same time breaks so easily as not to injure the hands. Any of the resin and beeswax waxes may be used. When the string is used, it should be warm enough to stick without tying. 19. Waxed Cloth.--Old calico or thin muslin is rolled on a stick and placed in melted wax. When saturated it is allowed to cool by being unrolled on a bench. It is then cut in strips to suit. Or the wax may be spread upon the cloth with a brush. _5. Waxes for Wounds._ 20. Any of the more adhesive grafting waxes are excellent for dressing wounds, although most of them cleave off after the first year. Stiff and ochreous paints are also good. 21. Coal-tar.--Apply a coating of coal-tar to the wound, which has first been pared and smoothed. If the wound contains a hole, plug it with seasoned wood.