22. Hoskins' Wax.--Boil pine tar slowly for three or four hours; add 1/2 lb. of beeswax to a quart of the tar. Have ready some dry and finely sifted clay, and when the mixture of tar and wax is partially cold, stir into the above named quantity about 12 ozs. of the clay; continue the stirring until the mixture is so stiff, and so nearly cool, that the clay will not settle. This is soft enough in mild weather to be easily applied with a knife or spatula. 23. Schæfell's Healing Paint.--Boil linseed oil (free from cotton-seed oil) one hour, with an oz. of litharge to each pt. of oil; then stir in sifted wood ashes until the paint is of the proper consistency. Pare the bark until smooth. Paint the wound over in dry weather, and if the wound is very large, cover with a gunny-sack. 24. Tar for Bleeding in Vines.--Add to tar about 3 or 4 times its weight of powdered slate or some similar substance. Apply with an old knife or flat stick. 25. Hot Iron for Bleeding in Vines.--Apply a hot iron to the bare surface until it is charred, and then rub into the charred surface a paste made of newly-burnt lime and grease. 26. Collodion for Bleeding in Vines.--It may be applied with a feather or small brush. In some extreme cases two or three coats will be needed, in which case allow the collodion to form a film before applying another coat. Pharmaceutical collodion is better than photographic. CHAPTER VI. THE NURSERY LIST. =Aaron's Beard.= See Hypericum. =Aaron's Rod.= See Verbascum. =Abelia.= _Caprifoliaceæ._ In spring by layers under a frame, and in summer by cuttings. =Abies= (Fir, Spruce). _Coniferæ._ Propagated by seeds, which are usually kept dry over winter and sown in spring in frames or in protected borders. Cones should be fully matured before being gathered. If they hold the seeds tightly they should be placed in a dry place, sometimes even in an oven, until the scales spread. In order to obtain stocky plants, the seedlings should be transplanted the following spring. The named varieties and the species which do not produce sufficient seed are winter-worked upon seedling stocks which are potted from the seed-beds in the fall. One-year-old stocks are commonly used, but in some cases the requisite size is not reached until the second year. Any of the common operations of grafting may be employed. The conifers are not difficult to graft. The European silver fir (_Abies pectinata_) may be used as a stock, but the common Norway spruce is now the most popular stock for species of both Abies and Picea. =Abobra.= _Cucurbitaceæ._ Propagated by seeds, or rarely by soft cuttings. =Abroma.= _Sterculiaceæ._