These figures by no means represent maximum food consumption. Thus, studies have been made on fifty Maine lumbermen,[53] where the intake of proteid food averaged 185 grams per day, with a total fuel value of 6400 calories. Further, dietary studies of university boat crews[54] have shown fairly high results. The Yale University crew, while at Gales Ferry, averaged per man during seven days 171 grams of proteid, 171 grams of fat, and 434 grams of carbohydrate, with a total fuel value of 4070 calories per day. The members of the Harvard University crew showed an average daily consumption of 160 grams of proteid, 170 grams of fat, and 448 grams of carbohydrate, with a total fuel value of 4074 calories. It is also reported that a football team of college students in the University of California consumed daily, per man, 270 grams of proteid, 416 grams of fat, and 710 grams of carbohydrate, with a total fuel value of 7885 calories. These figures may be contrasted, however, with the data obtained in a study of the dietary habits of fourteen professional men’s families, where the average amount of proteid consumed daily was 104 grams, fat 125 grams, and carbohydrate 423 grams, with a total fuel value of 3325 calories. [53] Bulletin No. 149. Woods and Mansfield. Studies of the Food of Maine Lumbermen. U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1904. [54] Bulletin No. 75. Atwater and Bryant. Office of Experiment Stations, U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1900. Leaving out of consideration the extremes given, it is undoubtedly true that, within certain rather wide limits, there is an apparent tendency for people of different nations, having a free choice of food and not restricted by expense, to consume daily approximately the same amounts of nutrients; to use what may be called liberal rather than small amounts of food; and, lastly, to consume food somewhat in proportion to the amount of work done. It is perhaps, therefore, not strange that students of nutrition should have taken these results, obtained by the statistical method, as indicating the actual needs of the body for food, and that so-called “standard diets” and “normal diets” should have been constructed, based upon these and corresponding data. Thus, we have the widely adopted “Voit standard,” composed of proteid 118 grams, carbohydrate 500 grams, and fat 56 grams, with a total fuel value of 3055 calories, as the amount of food required daily by a man of 70 kilos body-weight doing a moderate amount of work. These figures were obtained by Voit as an average of the food consumption of a large number of laboring men in Germany, and they carried additional weight because at that time Voit and others thought they had evidence that nitrogenous equilibrium could not be maintained for any length of time on smaller amounts of proteid.