The nutrition of manChittenden, R. H. (Russell Henry)
Science
The nutrition of man
Chittenden, R. H. (Russell Henry)
Nutrition
We find an analogous process in the absorption of fats. As we have
seen, the fats of the food are broken apart in the small intestine into
glycerin and free fatty acid, a portion of the latter, and perhaps all,
combining with the alkali of the intestinal juices to form soluble
soaps, or sodium salts of the respective fatty acids. The neutral fats
present in animal and vegetable foods are all alike in containing
the glyceryl radicle, but they differ in the character of the fatty
acids present. Further, one form of animal fat, like that from beef,
may contain quite a different proportion of stearin, palmitin, and
olein than is present in the fat of another animal, like mutton. By
digestion, however, they are all broken apart into fatty acid and
glycerin. These acids and their salts can be readily detected in the
intestine, but they are not found in the blood or lymph, yet shortly
after fatty food is taken the lymph is seen to be milky from fat.
Obviously, the fatty acids liberated in the intestine are absorbed,
either as soluble soaps or as free fatty acids dissolved in bile, but
as they pass through the epithelial cells of the intestine into the
lacteal radicles, there is a synthesis or reconstruction of fat; and
as a result, neutral fats and not soaps are found in the lymph. Here,
then, we have a process quite analogous to what apparently occurs in
the absorption of proteid, though less complex; and it is possible that
this is one of the factors which aids in the formation of a specific
fat mixture corresponding, in a measure, to the type of fat present
in the particular species. It is well understood that the fat of an
animal’s tissues may be modified somewhat by the character of the
fat fed, yet in spite of this there is a certain degree of constancy
in composition which calls for explanation. Sheep and oxen feeding
in the same pasture have fat widely different in the proportion of
stearin, palmitin, etc. The fat of man’s tissues is fairly definite
in composition, yet he eats a great variety of fatty foods. One man
may consume large amounts of hard mutton fat with its relatively large
content of stearin, while another individual may take his fat mainly in
the form of the soft butter fats, with their relatively large content
of olein and palmitin. In both cases, the fat of the man’s tissues will
be essentially the same. To be sure, the changes that take place in the
tissue cells, reinforced by the construction of fat from other sources,
may be partly responsible for this constancy of composition, but the
transformations incidental to absorption are quite possibly, in some
measure, helpful thereto.
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