CHAPTER X THE ADMINISTRATION OF PRESIDENT JOSÉ PARDO 163 CHAPTER XI THE POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF THE REPUBLIC 177 CHAPTER XII THE CITY OF THE KINGS AND ITS BEAUTIFUL SUBURBS 187 CHAPTER XIII PERUVIAN HOSPITALITY AND CULTURE 203 CHAPTER XIV THE NATIONAL LIBRARY—PERUVIAN WRITERS—PAINTING AND ILLUSTRATIVE ART 217 CHAPTER XV THE OLDEST UNIVERSITY IN AMERICA—MODERN SCHOOLS OF PERU 233 CHAPTER XVI THE BENEVOLENT SOCIETIES OF PERU 247 CHAPTER XVII AREQUIPA—THE MISTI-HARVARD OBSERVATORY 255 CHAPTER XVIII A GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COUNTRY 269 CHAPTER XIX THE WEALTH OF THE GUANO ISLANDS 283 CHAPTER XX CALLAO, THE CHIEF SEAPORT OF PERU—STEAMSHIP LINES 291 CHAPTER XXI AGRICULTURE AND IRRIGATION ON THE COAST 301 CHAPTER XXII TRUJILLO AND THE CHICAMA VALLEY 313 CHAPTER XXIII THE COTTON FIELDS OF PIURA 327 CHAPTER XXIV VINEYARDS AND ORCHARDS OF THE SOUTHERN COAST REGION 335 CHAPTER XXV TACNA AND ARICA 343 CHAPTER XXVI MINES OF THE SIERRA AND OTHER REGIONS 351 CHAPTER XXVII THE OROYA RAILWAY, THE HIGHEST IN THE WORLD 367 CHAPTER XXVIII A TRIP OVER THE SOUTHERN ROUTE—NEW RAILWAYS AND PUBLIC ROADS 377 CHAPTER XXIX PASTURE LANDS OF THE PLATEAU—THE ALPACA AND THE VICUÑA OF PUNO 389 CHAPTER XXX CUZCO, THE ANCIENT INCA CAPITAL 397 CHAPTER XXXI THE MONTAÑA AND ITS PRODUCTS—THE RUBBER LANDS OF LORETO 407 CHAPTER XXXII IQUITOS, THE CHIEF PERUVIAN PORT OF THE AMAZON 417 CHAPTER XXXIII NAVIGATION AND EXPLORATION ON THE AMAZON WATERWAYS 425 CHAPTER XXXIV FOREIGN INTERESTS IN PERU—IMMIGRATION AND COLONIZATION 431