INCA OBSERVATORY, INTI-HUATANA, AT PISAC, NEAR CUZCO 52 CORNER-STONE OF AN ANCIENT FORTRESS, CUZCO 53 ANCIENT STREET OF CUZCO, SHOWING INCAIC WALLS 55 PRINCIPAL HALL OF THE INCA OBSERVATORY, INTI-HUATANA 57 SHOWING THE TWELVE-ANGLE STONE, RUINS OF CUZCO 58 THE INCA’S BATH, OLLANTAYTAMBO 59 THE HOUSE OF THE SERPENTS, CUZCO 61 DOORWAY OF THE OBSERVATORY, INTI-HUATANA 62 THE INCA’S THRONE, OVERLOOKING THE CITY OF CUZCO 64 ANCIENT STREET OF CUZCO 65 RUINS OF AN INCA’S PALACE 67 THE ANDENES, OR ARTIFICIAL TERRACES, CULTIVATED UNDER THE INCAS 68 SEATS CUT IN SOLID STONE, AT KENKO, NEAR CUZCO 69 ANCIENT BRIDGE OF SANTA TERESA, CUZCO 70 AN INCAIC STREET, CUZCO 72 ENTRANCE TO AN INCAIC HOUSE 74 THE DEATH OF ATAHUALLPA. FROM A PAINTING BY THE PERUVIAN ARTIST LUIS MONTERO 76 COAT-OF-ARMS OF PIZARRO GRANTED BY CHARLES V. IN HONOR OF THE DISCOVERY OF PERU 77 FRANCISCO PIZARRO, CONQUEROR OF PERU AND FOUNDER OF LIMA 79 GENEALOGY OF FRANCISCO PIZARRO, CONQUEROR OF PERU 81 CAJAMARCA, WHERE ATAHUALLPA WAS SEIZED AND EXECUTED BY PIZARRO’S ORDER 83 PIZARRO ON THE ISLAND OF GALLO. FROM A PAINTING BY JUAN O. LEPIANI 85 AUTOGRAPHS OF THE FIRST OFFICIALS WHO GOVERNED LIMA WITH PIZARRO 86 A DESCENDANT OF THE CONQUERED INCA 88 COAT-OF-ARMS GRANTED PIZARRO BY CHARLES V. AFTER THE CONQUEST OF CUZCO 90 FAÇADE OF SAN AGUSTIN CHURCH, LIMA, SHOWING ELABORATE CARVING OF COLONIAL DAYS 92 THE FIRST COAT-OF-ARMS BESTOWED ON LIMA BY CHARLES V. 93 LIMA RESIDENCE OF THE MARQUIS OF TORRE-TAGLE DURING THE VICEREGAL PERIOD, SHOWING “MIRADORES,” OR BALCONIES 95 DOORWAY OF A COLONIAL PALACE IN CUZCO, PERIOD FOLLOWING THE CONQUEST 97 CHURCH OF THE COMPAÑIA, AREQUIPA, SHOWING EXQUISITE HAND CARVING 99 THE KEY OF THE CITY OF LIMA 102 DOORWAY OF A CHURCH IN AREQUIPA, BUILT DURING THE COLONIAL