Later manuscript herbals--Copies of Macer's herbal--Treatise on the virtues of rosemary sent by the Countess of Hainault to Queen Philippa of England--Bartholomæus Anglicus, _De Proprietatibus rerum_--Popularity of his writings--Characteristics of _De herbis_--Trevisa's translation--Bartholomæus on the rose, the violet, etc.--Fleeting pictures of mediæval life in _De herbis_--Feeding swine, making bread, building houses, making linen, life in the vineyards, woods, etc.--Wynken de Worde's poem at the end of his edition of _De Proprietatibus rerum_--_Banckes's Herbal_--Possible sources--Later editions--Rose recipes--Mediæval belief in wholesomeness of fragrant herbs--Descriptions of herbs in _Banckes's Herbal_--"The boke of secretes of Albartus Magnus"--Herb lore and magic--The _Grete Herball_--Its origin--Peter Treveris--Characteristics of this herbal--_The vertuose book of the Dystillacion of the Waters of all maner of Herbes_. CHAPTER III TURNER'S HERBAL AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE FOREIGN HERBALISTS 75 William Turner--Cambridge with Nicholas Ridley--Travels abroad--Bologna--Luca Ghini--Conrad Gesner--Cologne--Appointed chaplain and physician to the Duke of Somerset--His early writings on herbs--Turner's Herbal--Illustrations--Characteristics of the book--Descriptions of herbs--North-country lore--Old country customs--Influence of the foreign herbalists on the later English herbals--Leonhard Fuchs--Rembert Dodoens--Charles de l'Escluse--Matthias de l'Obel--Lyte's translation of Dodoens' _Cruÿdtboeck_--Illustrations--_Ram's little Dodoen_. CHAPTER IV GERARD'S HERBAL 98 Popularity of Gerard's Herbal--Its charm--Gerard's boyhood--Later life--His garden in Holborn--Friendship with Jean Robin, keeper of the royal gardens in Paris--Origin of Gerard's Herbal--Illustrations--Old beliefs in the effects of herbs on the heart and mind--Use of herbs as amulets--Other folk lore--Myth of the barnacle geese--Origin and history of the myth--Old English names of plants--Wild flower life of London in Elizabeth's day--"Master Tuggie's" garden in Westminster--Shakespeare and Gerard. CHAPTER V HERBALS OF THE NEW WORLD 120