It may be urged [says Newman][137] if a thing happens once it must
happen always; for what is to hinder it? Nay, on the contrary, why,
because one particle of matter has a certain property, should all
particles have the same? Why, because particles have instanced the
property a thousand times, should the thousand and first instance
it also? It is _prima facie_ unaccountable that an accident should
happen twice, not to speak of it happening always. If we expect a
thing to happen twice, it is because we think it is not an
accident, but has a cause. What has brought about a thing once, may
bring it about twice. _What_ is to hinder its happening? rather
what is to make it happen? Here we are thrown back from the
question of Order to that of Causation. A law is not a cause, but a
fact; but when we come to the question of cause, then we have no
experience of any cause but Will.
Here is the crucial point: "We have no experience of any cause but
Will;" and it follows that if, as Science bids us, we base inference on
experience alone, there can be no doubt about the conclusion to which we
shall be led.
* * * * *
No different is the verdict of Sir John Herschel:
The presence of _Mind_ [he writes][138] is what solves the whole
difficulty: so far, at least, as it brings it within the sphere of
our consciousness, and into conformity with our own experience of
what action is.
That the introduction of intelligent purpose, as a factor, sufficiently
meets the requirements of our reason cannot be denied. As Bishop Butler
insists, it is even impossible for any man in his senses to say that the
problem can be more easily solved without it. And witnesses not merely
unfriendly, but positively and even bitterly hostile, are compelled to
admit that on whatever other grounds they may reject Theism, it is not
because this doctrine is inadequate as an explanation of the world we
know.
It seems to me [says Professor Huxley][139] that "creation," in the
ordinary sense of the word, is perfectly conceivable. I find no
difficulty in imagining that, at some former period, this universe
was not in existence; and that it made its appearance ... in
consequence of the volition of some pre-existent Being. The
so-called _à priori_ arguments against Theism, and given a Deity,
against the possibility of creative acts, appear to me to be devoid
of reasonable foundation.
Similarly, that uncompromising foe of religious belief in any shape,
Professor W. K. Clifford, replying to Dr. Martineau who based his
argument on the existence of the moral law, as well as the evidence of
design in Nature, wrote thus:[140]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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