The size of the Scandinavian wave--Distribution of this element in the United States--Social characteristics--Crime and alcoholism--Occupational choices--Readiness of assimilation-- Reaction to America--National contrasts among Scandinavians-- Intellectual rating--Race traits--Moral and political significance of the Scandinavians. CHAPTER V THE ITALIANS 95 Causes of the Italian outflow--Distribution of Italians--Social characteristics--Broad contrast between North Italians and South Italians--Occupations--Agricultural settlements--Freedom from alcoholism--Gaming--Addiction to violence--Camorra and Mafia in America--Difficulties in dealing with Italian immigrants--Their mental rating--Traits of character--The Italians as a social element. CHAPTER VI THE SLAVS 120 Place of the Slavs in history--Lateness of their awakening--Size of the Slav groups in America--Occupational tendencies of the Slavic immigrants--Distribution--Alcoholism--Criminality-- Subjection of women--Extraordinary fecundity--Displacement of other elements--Resistance to Americanization--Clannishness-- Social characteristics of Slav settlements--Industrial segregation--Mental rating--Prospects of Slavic immigration. CHAPTER VII THE EAST EUROPEAN HEBREWS 143 One-fifth of the Hebrew race in America--"The Promised Land"--Hebrew interest in free immigration--Waves of Russo-Hebrew immigration--Occupational preferences--Morals-- Crime--Race traits--Intellectuality--Persistence of will--Growth of Anti-Semitism in America--Causes--Prospects--Why America is a powerful solvent of Judaism--Signs of Assimilation. CHAPTER VIII THE LESSER IMMIGRANT GROUPS 168 African, Saracen and Mongolian blood in our immigrants--The Finns--Motives and characteristics--Political aptitude--Patriotism--The Magyars--Social condition and traits--The Portuguese--Origin and volume of the Portuguese influx--Distribution--Industrial and social characteristics--Resistance to assimilation--The Greeks-- Immigrationfrom Greece purely economic--Distribution and occupational preferences--Serfdom of Greek bootblacks--The Levantines--Racial and social characteristics. CHAPTER IX ECONOMIC CONSEQUENCES OF IMMIGRATION 195