Stimulators of migration--The commercial interests behind the movement--The new immigrant as an industrial tool--How tariff protection coupled with the open door augment the manufacturer's profits--Effect of the new immigration upon the cost of living, upon agricultural methods--Shall the penniless immigrant be helped to get upon the land--The utilization of foreign labor to break strikes--The foreign laborer as a hindrance to unionism--Effect upon wages and conditions--Is the foreigner indispensable--Immigrant women doing men's work--Fate of the displaced American--Immigration and crises--The inevitable rise of social pressure--Who bears the brunt? CHAPTER X SOCIAL EFFECTS OF IMMIGRATION 228 Immigration and social atavism--Community reversions to the Middle Ages--Immigrant illiteracy and ignorance--New readers of the yellow press--The spread of white peonage--Caste cleavage--Attitude of the foreign-born toward the claims of women--Split-family immigration and the social evil--How immigration makes acute the housing problem--Why overgrown cities--Immigrants who discount our charities--The wayward child of the immigrant--Insanity among the foreign-born--Obstructions to the operation of the public school--Signs of social decline--Peasantism vs. social progress. CHAPTER XI IMMIGRANTS IN POLITICS 259 The Hibernian domination of Northern cities--Political psychology of the Celts--Practical consequences--Immigration as foe to party traditionalism--Citizenship of the new immigrants compared with the old--Accumulation of voteless men--How this lessens the political strength of labor--Psychology of the ignorant naturalized immigrants--How the cunning boss acquires "influence"--Feudal relation between the boss and his humble constituents--Naturalization frauds--The Tammany way--The political machine--The liquor interest and the foreign-born voter--The foreign press in politics--The cost of losing political like-mindedness--Political mysticism vs. common sense. CHAPTER XII AMERICAN BLOOD AND IMMIGRANT BLOOD 282 Submergence of the pioneering breed--Growing heterogeneity-- Primitive types among the foreign-born--How immigration will affect good looks in this country--Effect of crossing on personal beauty--Stature and physique of the newer immigrants-- Do they revitalize the American people--Race morals of the South European stocks--Are the immigrants good samples of their own people--Appraisal of the different ethnic strains in the American people--Rating of present immigrant streams--How immigration has affected the fecundity of Americans--Evading a degrading competition by race suicide--The triumph of the low-standard elements over the high-standard elements. APPENDIX 307