The Oldest Code of Laws in the World: The code of laws promulgated by Hammurabi, King of Babylon, B.C. 2285-2242Hammurabi, King of Babylonia
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The Oldest Code of Laws in the World: The code of laws promulgated by Hammurabi, King of Babylon, B.C. 2285-2242
Hammurabi, King of Babylonia
Law -- Iraq -- Babylonia -- Sources
Dr. H. Winckler's rendering of the Code came into my hands after this
work was sent to the publishers, and I have not thought it necessary to
withdraw any of my renderings. In some points he has improved upon
Professor Scheil's work, in other points he is scarcely so good. But any
discussion is not in place here. I gratefully acknowledge my obligations
to both, but have used an independent judgment all through. I hope
shortly to set out my reasons for the differences between us in a larger
work. A few of Dr. Winckler's renderings are quoted in the Index, and
marked--Winckler's tr.
C. H. W. JOHNS.
CAMBRIDGE,
_January_ 31, 1903.
THE TEXT OF THE CODE
section 1. If a man weave a spell and put a ban upon a man, and has not
justified himself, he that wove the spell upon him shall be put to death.
section 2. If a man has put a spell upon a man, and has not justified
himself, he upon whom the spell is laid shall go to the holy river, he
shall plunge into the holy river, and if the holy river overcome him, he
who wove the spell upon him shall take to himself his house. If the holy
river makes that man to be innocent, and has saved him, he who laid the
spell upon him shall be put to death. He who plunged into the holy river
shall take to himself the house of him who wove the spell upon him.
section 3. If a man, in a case pending judgement, has uttered threats
against the witnesses, or has not justified the word that he has spoken,
if that case be a capital suit, that man shall be put to death.
section 4. If he has offered corn or money to the witnesses, he shall
himself bear the sentence of that case.
section 5. If a judge has judged a judgement, decided a decision,
granted a sealed sentence, and afterwards has altered his judgement, that
judge, for the alteration of the judgement that he judged, one shall put
him to account, and he shall pay twelvefold the penalty which was in the
said judgement, and in the assembly one shall expel him from his
judgement seat, and he shall not return, and with the judges at a
judgement he shall not take his seat.
section 6. If a man has stolen the goods of temple or palace, that man
shall be killed, and he who has received the stolen thing from his hand
shall be put to death.
section 7. If a man has bought silver, gold, manservant or maidservant,
ox or sheep or ass, or anything whatever its name, from the hand of a
man's son, or of a man's slave, without witness and bonds, or has
received the same on deposit, that man has acted the thief, he shall be
put to death.
section 8. If a man has stolen ox or sheep or ass, or pig, or ship,
whether from the temple or the palace, he shall pay thirtyfold. If he be
a poor man, he shall render tenfold. If the thief has nought to pay, he
shall be put to death.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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