Northwest boundary of the United States; Oregon question
Men of property are perhaps generally more timid than others, and
certainly all the quiet people, amongst whom the public stocks are
ultimately distributed, are remarkably cautious. Prudent capitalists,
who do not speculate, and consider public stocks only as convenient and
safe investments, will not advance money to Government so long as it is
controlled by men whom they consider as reckless, and as entertaining
rather lax opinions respecting public credit. Yet money will be
obtained, but on much dearer terms than if public confidence was
unimpaired. There will always be found bold speculators, who will
advance it at a premium--enhanced by the want of competition, and
proportionate to the risks they may be supposed to incur. Independent of
this, it is most certain that the rate of interest at which loans may be
obtained, will always be increased in proportion to their magnitude. The
only ways by which these difficulties may be obviated, or at least
lessened, are perfect fidelity in fulfilling the engagements of
Government; an economical, that is to say, a skilful application of the
public moneys to the most important objects, postponing all those which
are not immediately wanted, or are of inferior real utility; and an
increase of the amount of revenue derived from taxation. This has the
double advantage of diminishing the amount to be borrowed, and of
inspiring confidence to the money-lenders. In all cases, direct loans
will be preferable to, and prove a cheaper mode of raising money than
the over issues of Treasury Notes.
The Act of July, 1812, which doubled the duties on importations,
afforded a resource which, on account of the high rate at this time of
those duties, cannot now be resorted to. Duties may, however, be levied
on the importation of Tea and Coffee, and perhaps some other articles
now duty free. Other modifications may be found useful, but it may be
difficult to ascertain, even without any regard to protection, what are
the rates of duties which should be imposed in time of war on the
various imported articles, in order to render the revenue derived from
that source as productive as possible.
It must also be observed that if, on account of the credit then allowed
for the payment of duties on importations, the Treasury had, when the
war of 1812 commenced, a resource in the revenue previously accrued but
not yet collected, which does not now exist; on the other hand the
United States were still encumbered with a considerable portion of the
Revolutionary debt, and the payments on account of its principal and
interest amounted during the years 1812, 1813, 1814, to about
$11,000,000, whilst the annual interest on the now existing debt is less
than one million.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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