The organisation of thought, educational and scientificWhitehead, Alfred North
Philosophy
The organisation of thought, educational and scientific
Whitehead, Alfred North
Education
The sciences associated with commerce and social service would be
partly algebra, including arithmetic and statistics, and partly
geography and history. But this section is somewhat heterogeneous in
its scientific affinities. Anyhow the exact way in which technical
pursuits are classified in relation to science is a detail. The
essential point is, that with some thought it is possible to find
scientific courses which illuminate most occupations. Furthermore, the
problem is well understood, and has been brilliantly solved in many of
the schools of technology and junior technical schools throughout the
country.
In passing from science to literature, in our review of the
intellectual elements of technical education, we note that many studies
hover between the two: for example, history and geography. They are
both of them very essential in education, provided that they are the
right history and the right geography. Also books giving descriptive
accounts of general results, and trains of thought in various sciences
fall in the same category. Such books should be partly historical
and partly expository of the main ideas which have finally arisen.
Prof. R. A. Gregory's recent book, _Discovery_, and the _Home
University Library_ series illustrate my meaning. Their value in
education depends on their quality as mental stimulants. They must not
be inflated with gas on the wonders of science, and must be informed
with a broad outlook.
It is unfortunate that the literary element in education has rarely
been considered apart from grammatical study. The historical reason is,
that when the modern Platonic curriculum was being formed Latin and
Greek were the sole keys which rendered great literature accessible.
But there is no necessary connection between literature and grammar.
The great age of Greek literature was already past before the arrival
of the grammarians of Alexandria. Of all types of men to-day existing,
classical scholars are the most remote from the Greeks of the Periclean
times.
Mere literary knowledge is of slight importance. The only thing that
matters is, how it is known. The facts related are nothing. Literature
only exists to express and develop that imaginative world which is our
life, the kingdom which is within us. It follows that the literary side
of a technical education should consist in an effort to make the pupils
enjoy literature. It does not matter what they know, but the enjoyment
is vital. The great English Universities, under whose direct authority
school-children are examined in plays of Shakespeare, to the certain
destruction of their enjoyment, should be prosecuted for soul-murder.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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