The organisation of thought, educational and scientificWhitehead, Alfred North
Philosophy
The organisation of thought, educational and scientific
Whitehead, Alfred North
Education
This device, by which sense-presentations are represented in thought
as our perception of events in which thought-objects of science are
implicated, is the fundamental means by which a bridge is formed
between the fluid vagueness of sense and the exact definition of
thought. In thought a proposition is either true or false, an entity
is exactly what it is, and relations between entities are expressible
(in idea) by definite propositions about distinctly conceived entities.
Sense-perception knows none of these things, except by courtesy.
Accuracy essentially collapses at some stage of inquiry.
_III. Time and Space_
_Recapitulation._--Relations of time and relations of space
hold between sense-objects of perception. These sense-objects are
distinguished as separate objects by the recognition of either (1)
differences of sense-content, or (2) time-relations between them
other than simultaneity, or (3) space-relations between them other
than coincidence. Thus sense-objects arise from the recognition of
contrast within the complete stream of sense-presentation, namely, from
the recognition of the objects as related terms, by relations which
contrast them. Differences of sense-content are infinitely complex in
their variety. Their analysis under the heading of general ideas is the
unending task of physical science. Time-relations and space-relations
are comparatively simple, and the general ideas according to which
their analysis should proceed are obvious.
This simplicity of time and space is perhaps the reason why thought
chooses them as the permanent ground for objectival distinction,
throwing the various sense-objects thus obtainable into one heap, as
a first crude thought-object of perception, and thence, as described
above, obtaining a thought-object of perception. Thus a thought-object
of perception conceived as in the present of a short duration is a
first crude thought-object of perception either actual or hypothetical.
Such a thought-object of perception, confined within a short duration,
takes on the space-relations of its component sense-objects within that
same duration. Accordingly thought-objects of perception, conceived in
their whole extents, have to each other the time-relationships of their
complete existences, and within any small duration have to each other
the space-relationships of their component sense-objects which lie
within that duration.
Relations bind together: thus thought-objects of perception are
connected in time and in space. The genesis of the objectival analysis
of sense-presentation is the recognition of sense-objects as distinct
terms in time-relations and space-relations: thus thought-objects of
perception are separated by time and by space.
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