Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustrations. See 45962-h.htm or 45962-h.zip: (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/45962/45962-h/45962-h.htm) or (http://www.gutenberg.org/files/45962/45962-h.zip) Images of the original pages are available through Internet Archive/American Libraries. See https://archive.org/details/organismaswholef00loeb Transcriber's note: Text enclosed by underscores is in italics (_italics_). Text enclosed by equal signs is in bold face (=bold=). Subscripted characters are enclosed by curly brackets, for example, C{H} (indicating 'concentration of hydrogen'). A few superscripts, indicated by the carat character (^) occur in the advertising material at the end of the book where 8^o and 8vo are used as alternative abbreviations for 'octavo' (paper size). THE ORGANISM AS A WHOLE From a Physicochemical Viewpoint by JACQUES LOEB, M.D., Ph.D., Sc.D. Member of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research With 51 Illustrations G. P. Putnam's Sons New York and London The Knickerbocker Press Copyright, 1916 by Jacques Loeb The Knickerbocker Press, New York To THE MEMORY OF DENIS DIDEROT Of the _Encyclopédie_ and the _Système de la nature_ “He was one of those simple, disinterested, and intellectually sterling workers to whom their own personality is as nothing in the presence of the vast subjects that engage the thoughts of their lives.” JOHN MORLEY. (Article Diderot, _Encyclopædia Britannica_.) PREFACE