1. Lucian, _Lucius_, 53 ff.; Apul., _Metam._, VIII, 24 ff. The description by these authors has recently been confirmed by the discovery of an inscription at Kefr-Hauar in Syria: a slave of the Syrian goddess "sent by her mistress ([Greek: kuria])," boasts of having brought back "seventy sacks" from each of her trips (Fossey, _Bull. corr. hell._, XXI, 1897, p. 60; on the {242} meaning of [Greek: pera], "sack," see Deissmann, _Licht von Osten_, 1908, p. 73). 2. Cf. Riess in Pauly-Wissowa, s. v. _Astrologie_, col. 1816. 3. Cato, _De agric._, V, 4. 4. On dedication of Romans to Atargatis, see _Bull. corr. hell._, VI, 1882, p. 497, No. 15; p. 498, No. 17. 5. Since the year 187 we find the Syrian musicians (_sambucistriae_) mentioned also at Rome. Their number grew steadily (Livy, XXXIX, 6; see Friedlaender, _Sittengesch._, III^6, p. 346.) 6. Florus, II, 7 (III, 9); cf. Diodorus Sic., fr. 34, 2, 5. 7. Plut., _Vit. Marii_, 17. 8. Juvenal, VI, 351; Martial, IV, 53, 10; IX, 2, 11, IX, 22, 9. 9. _CIL_, VI, 399; cf. Wissowa, _op. cit._, p. 201.--Suetonius, _Nero_, 56. 10. A temple of the Syrian gods at Rome, located at the foot of the Janiculum, has been excavated very recently. Cf. Gauckler, _Bolletino communale di Roma_, 1907, pp. 5 ff. (Cf. Huelsen, _Mitt. Inst. Rom_, XXII, 1907, pp. 225 ff.); _Comptes Rendus Acad. Inscr._, 1907, pp. 135 ff.; 1908, pp. 510 ff.; 1909, pp. 424 ff., pp. 617 ff.; Nicole and Darier, _Le sanctuaire des dieux orientaux au Janicule_, Rome, 1909 (Extr. des "Mel. Ecole franc. de Rome," XXIX). In it have been found dedications to Hadad of the Lebanon, to the Hadad [Greek: akroreites], and to Maleciabrudus (in regard to the latter see Clermont-Ganneau, _Rec. d'archeol. or._, VIII, 1907, p. 52). Cf. my article "Syria Dea" in Daremberg-Saglio-Pottier, _Diction. des antiquites gr. et rom._, 1911. 11. I have said a few words on this colonization in my _Mon. rel. aux myst. de Mithra_, I, p. 262. Courajod has considered it in regard to artistic influences, _Lecons du Louvre_, I, 1899, pp. 115, 327 ff. For the Merovingian period see Brehier, _Les colonies d'orientaux en Occident au commencement du moyen age_ (_Byzant. Zeitschr._, XII), 1903, pp. 1 ff. 12. Kaibel, _Inscr. gr._, XIV, 2540. 13. _Comptes Rendus Acad. Inscr._, 1899, p. 353 = Waltzing, _Corporations professionelles_, II, No. 1961 = _CIL_, III S., {243} 14165^8.--Inscription of Thaim of Canatha: Kaibel, _Inscr. gr._, XIV, 2532. 14. Gregory of Tours, _Hist. Fr._, VIII, 1.--On the diffusion of the Syrians in Gaul, see Brehier, _loc. cit._, p. 16 ff. 15. Cf. Brehier, _Les origines du crucifix dans l'art religieux_, Paris, 1904.