III. POST-HIPPOCRATIC GREEK MEDICINE.—THE SCHOOLS OF MEDICINE 187 The Dogmatic School.—Praxagoras of Cos.-Aristotle.—The School of Alexandria.—Theophrastus the Botanist.—The great Anatomists, Erasistratus and Hierophilus, and the Schools they founded.—The Empiric School. IV. THE EARLIER ROMAN MEDICINE 205 Disease-goddesses.—School of the Methodists.—Rufus and Marinus.—Pliny.—Celsus. V. LATER ROMAN MEDICINE 227 The Eclectic and Pneumatic Sects.—Galen.—Neo-Platonism.—Oribasius and Ætius.—Influence of Christianity and the Rise of Hospitals.—Paulus Ægineta.—Ancient Surgical Instruments. VI. AMULETS AND CHARMS IN MEDICINE 247 Universality of the Amulet.—Scarabs.—Beads.—Savage Amulets.—Gnostic and Christian Amulets.—Herbs and Animals as Charms.—Knots.—Precious Stones.—Signatures.—Numbers.—Saliva. —Talismans.—Scripts.—Characts.—Sacred Names.—Stolen Goods. BOOK IV. _CELTIC, TEUTONIC, AND MEDIÆVAL MEDICINE._ I. MEDICINE OF THE DRUIDS, TEUTONS, ANGLO-SAXONS, AND WELSH 269 Origin of the Druid Religion.—Druid Medicine.—Their Magic.—Teutonic Medicine.—Gods of Healing.—Elves.—The Elements.—Anglo-Saxon Leechcraft.—The Leech-book.—Monastic Leechdoms.—Superstitions.—Welsh Medicine.—The Triads.—Welsh Druidism.—The Laws of the Court Physicians.—Welsh Medical Maxims.—Welsh Medical and Surgical Practice and Fees. II. MOHAMMEDAN MEDICINE 287 Sources of Arabian Learning.—Influence of Greek and Hindu Literature.—The Nestorians.—Baghdad and its Colleges.—The Moors in Spain.—The Mosque Schools.—Arabian Inventions and Services to Literature.—The great Arab Physicians.—Serapion, Rhazes, Ali Abbas, Avicenna, Albucasis, and Averroes. III. RISE OF THE MONASTERIES 300 Alchemy the Parent of Chemistry. IV. RISE OF THE UNIVERSITIES 303 School of Montpellier.—Divorce of Medicine from Surgery. V. THE SCHOOL OF SALERNO 308 The Monks of Monte Cassino.—Clerical Influence at Salerno. —Charlemagne.—Arabian Medicine gradually supplanted the Græco-Latin Science.—Constantine the Carthaginian.—Archimatthæus.—Trotula.—Anatomy of the Pig.—Pharmacopœias.—The Four Masters.—Roger and Rolando.—The Emperor Frederick. VI. THE THIRTEENTH CENTURY 319 The Crusades.—Astrology. VII. THE FOURTEENTH CENTURY 325