Revival of Human Anatomy.—Famous Physicians of the Century.—Domestic Medicine in Chaucer.—Fellowship of the Barbers and Surgeons.—The Black Death.—The Dancing Mania.—Pharmacy. VIII. THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY 333 Faith-healing.—Charms and Astrology in Medicine.—The Revival of Learning.—The Humanists.—Cabalism and Theology.—The Study of Natural History.—The Sweating Sickness.—Tarantism. —Quarantine.—High Position of Oxford University. IX. MEDICINE IN ANCIENT MEXICO AND PERU 341 Hospitals in Mexico.—Anatomy and Human Sacrifices.—Midwives as Spiritual Mothers.—Circumcision.—Peru.—Discovery of Cinchona Bark. BOOK V. _THE DAWN OF MODERN SCIENTIFIC MEDICINE._ I. THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY 345 The Dawn of Modern Science.—The Reformation of Medicine.—Paracelsus. —The Sceptics.—The Protestantism of Science.—Influenza.—Legal Recognition of Medicine in England.—The Barber-Surgeons.—The Sweating Sickness.—Origin of the Royal College of Physicians of London.—“Merry Andrew.”—Origin of St. Bartholomew’s Hospital.—Caius.—Low State of Midwifery.—The Great Continental Anatomists.—Vesalius.—Servetus.—Paré.—Influence of the Reformation.—The Rosicrucians.—Touching for the Evil.—Vivisection of Human Beings.—Origin of Legal Medicine. II. THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 377 Bacon and the Inductive Method.—Descartes and Physiology.—Newton. —Boyle and the Royal Society.—The Founders of the Schools of Medical Science.—Sydenham, the English Hippocrates.—Harvey and the Rise of Physiology.—The Microscope in Medicine.—Willis and the Reform of Materia Medica. III. SKATOLOGICAL MEDICINE AND THE REFORM OF PHARMACOLOGY 394 Loathsome Medicines.—Sympathetical Cures.—Weapon Salve.—Superstitions. IV. BATHS AND MINERAL WATERS 400 Miraculous Springs.—The Pool of Bethesda.—Herb-baths. V. WITCHCRAFT AND MEDICINE 403 Comparative Witchcraft.—Laws against Sorcery.—Magic in Virgil and Horace.—Demonology.—Images of Wax and Clay.—Transference of Disease.—Witchcraft in the Koran.—White Magic and Black.—Coral and the Evil Eye.—“Overlooking” People.—Exorcism in the Catholic Church. VI. MEDICAL SUPERSTITIONS 413 Death and the Grave.—Sorcerer’s Ointment.—Teeth-worms.—Disease Transference.—Doctrine of Signatures. VII. THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY 418 The Sciences accessory to Medicine.—The Great Schools of Medical Theory.—Boerhaave and his System.—Stahl.—Hoffman.—Cullen.—Brown. —Hospitals.—Bichat and the New Era of Anatomy.—Mesmer and Mesmerism.—Surgery.—The Anatomists, Physiologists, and Scientists of the Period.—Inoculation and Vaccination.