The Origin of Finger-PrintingHerschel, William James
History
The Origin of Finger-Printing
Herschel, William James
Fingerprints
The next is remarkable. Captain V. H. Haggard, R.N., was a child of
2¾ years old at Hooghly, 1877. By much ingratiation I succeeded in
getting a print of his whole hand, and another of three fingers. In
1913, when on special duty in H.M.S. 'President', he kindly gave me (not
for the first time) a repeat, this time at the age of 38. The baby print
bears enlargement beautifully, and I am sure my readers will be
delighted with the comparison I am thus able to lay before them.
[Illustration: CAPTAIN V. H. HAGGARD, R. N.
1877 aet. 2¾
r. 3 1877 (magnified)
Repeat 1913 (magnified)]
[Illustration: W. F. Courthope.
r. 1 At Hooghly, 1877.
r. 1 r. 2 Oct. 21, 1913.
r. 2 At Hooghly, 1877.]
One of the prints I value most, on personal grounds, is that of Sir
Theodore Hope, at that time in the Legislative Council of India for
Bombay. I grieve to say he has died since these words were written. He
was one of my most honoured college friends in the old Haileybury days
of 1853.
Among the last prints that I took in India were two at Mussoorie, in the
Punjab Himālayas, in Sept. 1877; one of my brother Colonel J. Herschel,
R.E., and one of Dr. J. F. Duthie, of the Forest Department. They are
both living still, and their repeats to-day are quite good.
To return now to my letter of 1877. I was 'able to say that these marks
do not change in the course of ten or fifteen years'. I might have said
eighteen years, for my own marks reached back to 1859; but I was
steering for safety.
The conviction of the unchanging character of finger-patterns had,
of course, grown on me only by degrees, as the evidence of time
accumulated. Among my friends, from Nuddea days onwards, I often took
second impressions, invariably drawing attention to their identity with
the former ones. I never came upon any sign of change, bar accident. But
such comparisons were generally limited to intervals of no more than two
or three years, owing to the frequent changes of residence incidental to
Indian service. As time went on it was chiefly the incessant evidence of
my own ten fingers, and of my whole hand, which wrought in me the
overwhelming conviction that the lines on the skin persisted
indefinitely.
[Illustration: Colonel J. Herschel, Sept. 22, 1877.]
[Illustration: J. F. Duthie, 1877.]
But besides my own evidence of eighteen years, I had that of my oldest
college friend, William Waterfield, of almost as long. On March 31,
1877, he and Mr. (afterwards Sir Theodore) Hope and Mrs. Hope were my
guests at Hooghly. I took all their impressions and my own on that day,
noting on Waterfield's that we compared it with his earliest print of
1860, in Nuddea, seventeen years earlier. We found the agreement, of
course, complete. Here are the facsimiles.
[Illustration: T. C. Hope, Bo.C.S., at Hooghly, 1877.]
[Illustration: W. Waterfield
July 31, 1860, Nuddea.
March 31, 1877, Hooghly.]
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