The Origin of Finger-PrintingHerschel, William James
History
The Origin of Finger-Printing
Herschel, William James
Fingerprints
In 1860 I was sent as Magistrate to Nuddea, nearer to Calcutta. The
Indigo disturbances in the district had given rise to a great deal of
violence, litigation, and fraud; forgery and perjury were rampant. The
rent-rolls of the ryots put into Court by the Zemindars; the pottahs
(agreements for rent) purporting to be issued by them to each ryot, put
in by the latter; the kabooliyats (acceptances) purporting to be signed
by the ryot, and tendered in evidence against him; all these documents
were frequently worth no more than the paper on which they were written.
In my own jail a notorious convict was found making clay seals of
well-known landlords, and forging their signatures on pottahs smuggled
into his hands. He was detected by the colour of the floor of his cell,
where he kept his stock-in-trade buried. Things were so bad in this and
other ways that the administration of Civil Justice had unusual
difficulty in preserving its dignity. I was driven to take up
finger-prints now with a definite object before me, and for three years
continued taking a very large number from all sorts and conditions of
men. I give here some selected impressions of friends taken in Nuddea
during the years 1860, 1861, and 1862, in order of date, and names of
some others.
[Illustration: R. F. Hutchinson, June 1859, Medical Officer at
Arrah Station.]
1860, July. Claude Brown, a prominent merchant of Calcutta, who was
making a tour in the Indigo districts, and was at the time my guest.
1860, July 29. Captain H. Raban, Head of the Bengal Police, sent to
Nuddea on account of its disturbed state; also my guest. He took extreme
interest in the evidence of his own imprint. It was my habit, of course,
to give duplicates of his 'mark' to every one of importance.
[Illustration: Captain H. Raban, Head of the Police in Lower
Bengal, July 29, 1860.]
1860, July 31. W. Waterfield, B.C.S., a college friend, afterwards
Comptroller-General of the Treasuries of India. I have several 'repeats'
of his; see especially p. 29.
1861, June 24. Ogilvie Temple, Judge of the Court of Small Causes,
Kooshtea.
1862, April 13. At a gathering at my house at Kishnagar I had the good
fortune to secure the prints of many other notables of the district.
The Mahārājā of Nuddea. He was the highest of the old nobility of
Bengal. He was much struck, as I was, by the remarkable symmetry of the
'pattern' on one of his fingers at the core.
[Illustration:
April 13, 1862. Mahārājā of Nuddea.
Enlarged for the remarkable pattern]
[Illustration:
April 13, 1862. A. C. Howard.
July 20, 1908. Sir Charles Howard.]
Same day. E. Grey, B.C.S. A college friend, on my staff, afterwards
Civil and Sessions Judge. He, I am happy to say, is still alive (1916),
and his 'repeat' is quite good now.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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