The Origin of Man and of His SuperstitionsRead, Carveth
Philosophy
The Origin of Man and of His Superstitions
Read, Carveth
Animism; Human beings -- Origin; Magic; Superstition; Totemism
The case of our own forefather also differs somewhat from that of
other tropical mammalia; because, by hypothesis, he underwent pretty
rapidly such an extraordinary change of life; which may have brought
him into circumstances where vermin, formerly negligible, became highly
injurious. “Monkeys,” as Belt observes, “change their sleeping-places
almost daily”; the Orang is said to construct a fresh nest every
night; this is also reported of the Gorilla. Not improbably, then,
daily change of locality was the practice of the original anthropoid
stock, whence we also are descended: thereby avoiding the accumulation
of vermin. Did the hunting life introduce a new habit? In the old
frugivorous forest life, the custom was to get up into some tree for
the night, and within a short radius there were hundreds equally
suitable; and, therefore, there was nothing to check the natural
preference for a fresh one. When, however, the hunting pack began to
make its lair on the ground, there was no such wide choice amongst
caves, rock-shelters, or thickets: one might be better than any
other for miles around. If, then, they settled down there as in a
common lair, the circumstances were, for the time, favourable to the
multiplication of vermin, and therefore to nakedness of skin, in order
the more easily to be rid of them. Perhaps, then, this difference of
Man from the anthropoids may be referred to one common cause with all
the others—the hunting life. There, too, the defilement of blood made
fur inconvenient to animals not apt to cleanse themselves, like those
in the true carnivorous heredity and tradition.
When we consider how injurious some insects are to vertebrate life,
being suspected of having caused in some cases the extinction of
species, can it be said that facility in ridding oneself of such vermin
as lice and ticks is an inadequate cause of human nakedness, or not one
that might outweigh the drawbacks of cold and wet? It is not, however,
incompatible with the action of sexual selection, tending to the same
result; nor, again, with the preferential destruction of hairy children
if ever infanticide was practised. A further possible ground of
deliberate selection may have been the mere ambition of differing from
other animals; for a tribe on the Upper Amazons is reported to depilate
to distinguish themselves from the monkeys, and the wish to be superior
to other animals led a tribe in Queensland to pretend that they, unlike
kangaroos, etc., have no fathers according to the flesh.[20] Admitting
that this last motive can hardly have been primitive, still, our
nakedness may be a resultant of several causes.
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