§ 3. _Belief._—Nature of belief; degrees of probability; tested by action; play-belief 76-9 § 4. _Causes and Grounds of Belief._—Derived from perception. Evidentiary causes, or grounds, raising some probability; and non-evidentiary causes which are not grounds. Memory, testimony, inference so far as unverifiable are imagination. Influence of apperceptive masses and of methodology. Non-evidentiary causes have their own apperceptive masses—derived from bad observation, memory, testimony; influenced by emotion, desire and voluntary action; by sympathy and antipathy, and by suggestibility 79-85 § 5. _The Beliefs of Immature Minds._—Non-evidentiary causes more influential than with us; picture-thinking more vivid; no common standard of truth; feeble power of comparison, due perhaps to undeveloped brain 85-92 § 6. _The Reasoning of Immature Minds._—Fallacies of induction; ignorance of the minor premise in deduction; reasoning by analogy 92-8 § 7. _General Ideas at the Savage Level._—Savages have general ideas, though often not recognised or named; force; relations of causation and equality 99-103 § 8. _The Weakness of Imagination-beliefs._—Superficial resemblance to perception-beliefs; more nearly allied to play-belief 103-7 CHAPTER IV MAGIC 108 § 1. _Antiquity of Magic_ 108-9 § 2. _What is Magic?_—Magic defined; imaginary impersonal force contrasted with power of spirits; its action uniform like laws of nature. Kinds of Magic 109-12 § 3. _The Beginnings of Magic._—A matter of speculation. The earliest were probably the simplest, and the kinds that have prevailed most widely by tradition and hereditary predisposition. The chief source of belief in Magic is the mistaking of coincidence for causation 112-19 § 4. _Magical Force and Primitive Ideas of Causation._—Idea of magical force derived from physical force (empathy, Animatism, invisible action at a distance, mana). How Animism and Magic corrupt the ideas of causation 119-24 § 5. _Magic and Mystery_ 124-6 § 6. _Volitional Magic._—A relatively late idea 126-8 § 7. _The Evolution of Magic—Direct Magic._—Growth and differentiation; four stages; spells and charms; taboo 128-34