[104] Neugart, p. 401, anno 879: “Donamus ... ut perpetualiter teneant atque possideant.” Meichelbeck, pp. 48 and 53 of the _Instrumenta_: “Donamus ... rem propriam nostram;” p. 67: “propriam alodem;” p. 36: “rem propriam ... in possessionem perpetuam.” [105] Lacomblet, No. 4. [106] Meichelbeck, _Instrumenta_, p. 27: “Ego Chunipertus propriam hereditatem quam genitor meus mihi in hereditatem reliquit.” Lacomblet, No. 8, anno 796: “Omne quod mihi jure hereditario legibus obvenit in villa Bidnengheim.” Neugart, No. 305, anno 843: “Quidquid proprietatis in Alemannia visus sum habere, sive ex paterna hereditate seu ex acquisito, sive divisum habeam cum meis coheredibus seu indivisum ... id est domibus, edificiis, mancipiis, campis, pomiferis, pratis, pascuis, silvis, viis, aquis, cultis et incultis.” [107] Meichelbeck, p. 27, document of the 8th century: “Tradidi territorium, prata, pascua, aquarum decursibus, silvis, virgultis, omne cultum aut non cultum, in possessionem perpetuam.” Lacomblet, No. 4, anno 794: “Terram proprii juris mei ... cum silvis, pratis, pascuis, perviis, aquis.” [108] Not unduly to prolong this discussion we will leave on one side the documents of the 14th and 15th century. It will be enough to examine those of an earlier date. [109] _Codex Laureshamensis_, No. 6, vol. i. p. 15. [110] _Diplomata_, edit. Pardessus, No. 341. [111] See especially the charters of the Abbey of St. Gall, Nos. 185, 186, 187, etc. [112] Maurer, _Einleitung_, pp. 41, 42, 45. [113] _Codex Laureshamensis_, No. 34, i., pp. 70, 71. [114] Sometimes a great _marca_ contains several hamlets (dörfer); as in Gaul the _villa_ sometimes contains several _vici_. This will not surprise anyone who has examined the nature and extent of rural estates in the 6th century. In a document in the _Codex Laureshamensis_, vol. iii. p. 237, a _marca_ includes several _villæ_. This case is rare, and does not change the nature of the mark. [115] _Marii Aventici chronicon_, ed. Arndt, p. 15. _Lex Alamannorum_, xlvii. _Lex Baiuwariorum_, xiii., 9, Pertz, p. 316. _Capitulary_ of 799, art. 19; of 808; of 811; edit. Borétius, pp. 51, 139, 167. [116] Maurer seems to me to have made another mistake in identifying _mark_ with _gau_ (p. 59). No document gives the two terms as synonymous: on the contrary, there are hundreds of documents which tell us that such and such a _mark_ is situated in such and such a _pagus_, which shows clearly enough that _marca_ and _pagus_ are not the same thing. [117] _Diplomata_, ed. Pardessus, ii. p. 434. [118] _Ibidem_, ii. 440. [119] Schœpflin, _Alsat. diplom._, i. p. 13, a charter of the year 730, wherein Theodo sells all that he possesses in the _marca_ Hameristad, “quantum in ipso fine est, ea ratione ut ab hac die habeatis ipsas terras et silvas ... et quidquid exinde facere volueritis liberam habeatis potestatem.” [120] _Codex Laureshamensis_, No. 15, v. i. p. 34. [121] _Tradit. Wissemburgenses_, No. 127.