[122] See for example a charter of the 8th century, where we read: “Ego Oda dono in Pingumarca quidquid proprietatis habeo, id est, terris, vineis, pratis, silvis, totum et integrum.” (_Codex Fuldensis_, No. xv. p. 11.)--Neugart, i. p. 301, an exchange of 858: “Dedit 105 juchos de terra arabili et de silva 140 juchos, et accepit a Willelmo in eadem marcha quidquid ex paterno jure habebat, id est 105 juchos de terra arabili cum omnibus appenditiis, silvis, viis, alpibus, aquis.” [123] Maurer, _Einleitung_, pages 73, and 80. [124] Read the whole passage. _Translatio S. Alexandri_, in Pertz, vol. ii. p. 675, “Eo tempore quo Theodoricus rex Francorum, contra Irmenfredum, ducem Thuringorum, dimicans ... conduxit Saxones in adjutorium, promissis pro victoria habitandi sedibus.... Terram juxta pollicitationem suam iis delegavit. Qui eam sorte dividentes, partem illius colonis tradiderunt, singuli pro sorte sua sub tributo exercendam; cetera vero loca ipsi possederunt.” Do not forget that the word _sors_ is the usual term in the language of the period for property. The narrative shows clearly that it is a division made for ever that is here described. [125] Helmold, _chr. Slav._ i. c. 91: “Adduxit multitudinem populorum de Westphalia, ut incolerent terram Polaborum, et divisit eis terram in funiculo distributionis.” [126] Charter of 1247 in the _Monumenta Boica_, vol. xi. p. 33. The estate in question is the _villa_ Yserhofen. Its owner is the Abbot of Niederalteich: “Cum ad hoc devenisset quod agros et prata, quia diu sine colonis exstiterant, nullus sciret ... rustici ecclesiæ pro quantitate et limitibus contenderent. Ego Hermannus abbas ... compromissum fuit ut maximus campus per funiculos mensuraretur et cuilibet hubæ 12 jugera deputarentur ... in totidem partes secundus campus et tertius divideretur.... Inchoata est ista divisio per Alwinum monachum scribentem et fratrem Bertholdum prepositum et Rudolfum officialem cum funiculis mensurantes.” [127] [M. Fustel uses the term “les trois catégories;” but the _maximus campus_, _secundus_, and _tertius_, would point rather to the “three-field system.”] [128] _Codex Laureshamensis_, No. 106, p. 164. [129] Wigand, _Archiv_, i. 2, p. 86. [130] _Codex Lauresh._, No. 69, p. 74: “Quidquid de rebus propriis habere videbatur in villa Brunnon et tres partes de illa marca silvatica, portione videlicet sua.” I will explain elsewhere the meaning of _portio_. All I need say at present is that this word, which occurs more than three hundred times in our authorities, always means a part belonging to an owner. A _portio_ is spoken of as _sold_, _bequeathed_, and _given_. [131] Lacomblet, No. 7: “Hovam integram et scara in silva juxta formam hovæ plenæ ... jure hereditario.” [132] To be found in Mone, _Zeitschrift für Geschichte des Oberrheins_, vol. i. pp. 405-406.