[110] Amongst the American Indians, where various larger animals were common, the designation “wolf-people” (see the sign-language of the plains) was bestowed especially on the Pawnees, because, as we have seen, they best imitated wolves. In Europe, where, of the larger animals, the wolf alone was universally common, the designation “wolf-people” (or if we choose, later, werewolves) was not restricted to any one locality or people, but was bestowed in general on those who assumed the manner of wolves, and because of their crimes became outcasts like the wolves. They best imitate wolves, and no doubt, to escape detection, disguised themselves as wolves (see note 102), and for this reason the _warg_ or outlaw came to be called a _wolf_ (see close of note 112). Thus Golther, Mythologie, p. 102, says: “Wird ein Werwolf verwundet oder getötet, so findet man einen wunden oder toten Menschen.” The werewolves, as we have seen (ante p. 25), keep to the _woods_ and the _dark_, of course in many cases to avoid detection. Similarly witches, Ethn. Rep. 1901-02, p. 393: “They say that witches love the _night_ and lurk in _shadows and darkness_. Witches are believed to be able to assume the shape of beasts.” Sigmund and Sinfjötli dwelt as wolves in the _woods_. Also the progenitor of the Mýramenn in Iceland at _night_ could leave his house in wolf’s form. Another Norwegian account reports how earlier many people were able to take on wolf’s form, then dwelt in _grove_ and _woods_, where they tore people to pieces, etc. See Paul, Grundriss, III. 272 fol.; also note 113. [111] Names. See note 31. The development in the case of names was perhaps the same as in the case of masks (note 57), and of the werewolf superstition itself (ante p. 15, fol.); namely, a) protection against outside agencies was sought; b) growth of supernaturalism; c) element of humor. a) See Encyc. Brit. under Lycanthropy: “Children are often named _wolf_, are disguised as a wolf to cheat their supernatural foes” (for similar assumption of characteristics or the nature of animals for personal advantage see note 33). See also Grimm, Teutonic Mythology, III. 1139: “The escort of _wolf_ or _raven_ augured victory;” and in the note: “A name of happiest augury for a hero must have been the O. H. G. _Wolf-hraban_ (Wolfram), to whom the two animals jointly promised victory. Old names are no product of pure chance. Servian mothers name a son they have longed for, _Vuk_, _Wolf_: then the witches can’t eat him up. O. H. G. _Wolfbizo_ was a lucky name, i. e., one bitten by the wolf and thereby protected,” like our modern curing of like by like in medicine.