Cp. Cic. _de Off._ I. 42. 151, mercatura, si tenuis est, sordida putanda est, sin magna et copiosa ... non est admodum uituperanda; atque etiam si ... ex portu in agros se possessionesque contulerit, uidetur iure optimo posse laudari: a view that was doubtless as firmly held in Greece as it has been since in Rome and England. Footnote 88: A fairly complete collection of the authorities for ancient Greek views on manual labour is to be found in Frohberger, _De Opificum apud vet. Graec. condit._ chap. II. Footnote 89: Hom. _Od._ XXIII. 189; _Il._ VI. 313–5; _Od._ VI. 52 f.; cp. also _Il._ V. 59 f.; XXI. 37; _Od._ V. 241 f. Footnote 90: In Megara the aristocratic Theognis has contempt enough for the working classes, but he wrote after the overthrow of tyranny in his city. Footnote 91: Plato, _Critias_, 110_c_. Footnote 92: Plut. _Thes._ 25. Footnote 93: Plut. _Sol._ 2. Footnote 94: Aristot. _Ath. Pol._ 7. Footnote 95: _Laws_, XI. 920_d_. For the character of Athens’ patron deities cp. Proclus ad Plat. _Timae._ 52_b_, Athena Ergane (so called) as patroness of the works of craftsmen (δημιουργικῶν ἔργων); cp. Soph. fr. 844 (Jebb and Pearson); Plato, _Protag._ 321_e_, the common abode in which they (Athena and Hephaestus) practised their crafts (ἐφιλοτεχνείτην); Harpocrat. and Suid. s.v. χαλκεῖα, “A feast common to artizans (χειρώναξι) and especially to smiths”: Suid. adds that it was originally a public feast, not till later observed only by artizans (τεχνιτῶν): A. Mommsen, _Heortologie_, p. 313, thinks that the change may be due to Peisistratus. Footnote 96: Wallon, _Histoire de l’Esclavage_, I. 142. Footnote 97: Aristot. _Ath. Pol._ 13. Footnote 98: Xen. _de Rep. Lac._ 7; _Mem._ IV. 2. 22; _Oecon._ IV. 2. Footnote 99: Ael. _V.H._ II. 1; so Xen. _Mem._ III. 7. 6. Footnote 100: Aristoph. _Ach._ 478; _Thes._ 387; _Frogs_, 840; cp. Plin. _N.H._ XXII. 38; Aul. Gell. XV. 20; Val. Max. III. 4, ext. 2. Footnote 101: Hdt. II. 167. Mauri therefore, _Cittadini Lavoratori dell’ Attica_, p. 65, rather postdates when he says that our authorities for Athenian contempt of manual work are fourth century and later. Footnote 102: Isocrat. _Areop._ 32 (146). Footnote 103: Mauri, _Cittadini Lavoratori dell’ Attica_, p. 69. Footnote 104: Xen. _Mem._ IV. 2. 22. Footnote 105: Plato, _Apol._ 22_c-e_; cp. Xen. _Mem._ II. 7, where Socrates strongly deprecates the prejudice against manual labour. Footnote 106: Xen. _de Vect._ V. 4. Footnote 107: Plato, _Rep._ VII. 522_b_, IX. 590_c_; _Laws_, V. 741_e_; _Gorg._ 517_d_–518_a_; _Alcib._ I. 131_b_; _Amator_, 136_b_, 137_b_. Footnote 108: Plato, _Laws_, VIII. 846_d_. Footnote 109: _Ibid._ XI. 918. Footnote 110: _Ibid._ IV. 705_b_. Footnote 111: _Rep._ II. 371_e_. Footnote 112: οὔτε βάναυσον βίον οὔτ’ ἀγοραῖον, Aristot. _Pol._ IV. (VII.), 1328_b_; cp. _Rhet._ I. 9. 27.