Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
Pieces with the double type were sometimes colloquially called girls
(κόραι), sometimes virgins (παρθένοι), sometimes by the virgin goddess’
own name of Pallas (Παλλάδες)[282]. Sometimes they got their nickname
from the reverse type, and were called owls[283]. “Virgin” is used by
Euripides, “girl” by Hyperides, “Pallas” by Eubulus, “owl” by
Aristophanes. “Owl” is said by the Aristophanes Scholiast to have been
applied to the tetradrachms; the “girl” of Hyperides is some smaller
coin[284]. In the fifth and fourth centuries therefore the bird name,
and the virgin goddess names seem to have been used side by side, like
our sovereign and crown, to indicate two different denominations. When
the names were first used is nowhere stated. The most likely time for a
type to give rise to a nickname is when the type itself is still a
novelty. If this holds good for the coins of Athens, the nicknames
Pallas, virgin, and girl go back to the time of Peisistratus. The owl
had already appeared on earlier issues, stamped on the reverse with a
simple incuse[285], and would therefore at this time attract less
attention than the Athena head.
Is it possible that we have here the clue to the Phye story? The details
about her being dressed up in full armour and placed in a chariot are
not the essence of the story: they all appear in Herodotus in quite a
different setting, as part of the ritual of the worship of Athena in
North Africa by Lake Tritonis[286]. It can hardly be doubted that one of
these passages is plagiarized from the other, and it is scarcely less
certain that Phye is indebted to the ritual of Lake Tritonis and not
_vice versa_.
[Sidenote: Was the Athena who restored Peisistratus the lady of the
coins?]
The kernel of the Phye story lies in the tradition that Peisistratus was
restored by a woman, “as Herodotus says, from the deme of the Paianians,
but as some say, a Thracian flower girl from the deme of Kollytos[287].”
In fact Phye, the human goddess four cubits high, said by some to come
from Attica, and by others from Thrace, who brought Peisistratus back to
Athens for the first time, bears a suspicious likeness to the coins
called sometimes girls and sometimes goddesses, derived some from
Attica, and some from Thrace, with which Peisistratus secured his second
return, and finally established his power.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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