Archaeology; Civilization, Ancient; Despotism; Greece -- History -- To 146 B.C.; Wealth
We are now in a better position for trying to identify the Sethon of
Herodotus. This Saite dynasty was probably represented at the time of
Sennacherib’s invasion by Stephinates. In Africanus his reign as first
king of the XXVIth dynasty begins later, about 685 B.C. But this leaves
a gap of 30 years with no recorded rulers of Sais and Memphis. Petrie’s
explanation of this hiatus may be right. He thinks that Stephinates was
probably son and successor of Bocchoris, but that after Bocchoris had
been crushed and burnt by the Ethiopians in 715 B.C. the Saite power
remained for some time a very broken reed. It is therefore not unlikely
that the Stephinates of Manetho is the Sethon of Herodotus. No prince of
the name appears on Egyptian monuments, but it has been plausibly
suggested by Petrie[519] that Stephinates is another Tafnekht with
perhaps a sigma carried over by a Greek copyist from some word before
his name. May we not guess what this word was? The first Tafnekht styled
himself Sem of Ptah. The story of Satni Khamois[520] shows that the
title might be prefixed to the personal name. May not the strange form
Stephinates be simply a Greek corruption of Satni Tafnekht or, as the
name is sometimes transcribed, Tefnakhte[521]?
A family connexion between Bocchoris and the later Saites is harder to
establish. In support of it there are these facts: a Samtavi Tafnekht
appears among the officials of Psamtek I; and, as the name Tafnekht was
borne by the father and predecessor of Bocchoris[522], this Samtavi
Tafnekht has been recognized by Petrie[523] as “doubtless a brother or
cousin of the king.” The name Bakenranf itself is borne by another of
Psamtek’s officials[524], who may well be the Bocchoris son of Neochabis
(Nekauba) mentioned by Athenaeus[525], in which case he would have been
an uncle of the reigning king[526]. A direct connexion between the
XXIVth and XXVIth dynasties has indeed been often suspected[527]. They
may stand to one another much as the English Lancastrians to the Tudors,
separated by a period of eclipse and by the alliance with their rivals
that was made in each case at the period of the restoration[528].
[Sidenote: Popular stories of Satni Khamois, which probably reflect the
atmosphere of Sais under Sethon,]
It was probably during this period of eclipse that two popular stories
of an earlier date were revised and received the shape in which they
have come down to us[529], and in which also they very possibly have a
bearing on the history of the Herodotean Sethon. Their hero is Satni
Khamois, son of Ramses II, who protects the king his father not by force
of arms but by learning and magic.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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