[257] Parker, _Aborigines of Australia_, pp. 25, 26; Howitt in _Journ. Anthr. Inst._ xiii. pp. 453, 454 (Australian ceremonies of initiation), and Cameron in the same journal, xiv. p. 358 (Tribes of N.S. Wales); the last two instances quoted in Frazer, _Totemism_, p. 47. See also Fison, “The Nanga,” in _J. A. I._ xiv., esp. p. 22, on an initiation ceremony in Fiji, representing the ancestors lying dead and coming to life again, which curiously resembles Collins’s description and pictures of an Australian initiation (Collins, _N.S. Wales_, i. p. 575). For a somewhat analogous drama in East Africa see Dale, _Journ. Anthr. Inst._ xxv. p. 189 (Bondi country). For interpretation of all these rites see Frazer, _Totemism_, p. 47; and _The Golden Bough_, ii. pp. 343-359. [258] Carver, _Travels_, pp. 175-180; Schoolcraft, _Information_, v. pp. 428 _sq._ Both quoted by Frazer. To be compared with the initiation into the Secret Society of Nkimba—Ward in _Journ. Anthr. Inst._ xxiv. pp. 288, 289 (Congo tribes). [259] Crane, _Bases of Design_, p. 189. [260] Cf. Haddon, _Evolution in Art_, pp. 220, 221. [261] Brown, _Hist. of the Origin and Rise of Poetry_, pp. 49, 50. [262] Darwin, _The Descent of Man_, ii. pp. 103, 124, 125; cf. also ii. pp. 436, 437, and _The Origin of Species_, i. p. 109. [263] Ribot, _Psychologie de l’attention_, pp. 44, 45. [264] Espinas, _Des sociétés animales_, p. 284. [265] Brehm, _Thierleben_, v. pp. 601, 602; cf. also Wallace, _Tropical Nature_, p. 199. [266] Nilsson, _Foglarna_, ii. p. 56; Lloyd, _Game Birds and Wild Fowl_, p. 81. [267] Geddes and Thomson, _The Evolution of Sex_, p. 28. [268] Darwin, _The Descent of Man_, ii. pp. 107-109, 252. [269] Cf. Wallace, _Tropical Nature_, pp. 196-198, _Darwinism_, p. 284; Westermarck, _Human Marriage_, pp. 244, 250. [270] Wallace, _Tropical Nature_, pp. 193, 209, 210, 213; _Darwinism_, pp. 284, 287, 292, 294. [271] Darwin, _The Descent of Man_, ii. p. 103. [272] Cf. Wallace, _Darwinism_, p. 293; _Tropical Nature_, p. 199. [273] Cf. Schneider, _Der Thierische Wille_, p. 367. [274] Cf. about the relation between sexual ripening and the development of the vocal organs, Buffon, _Hist. nat. des oiseaux_, i. pp. 21, 22. [275] For some suggestive remarks in this direction see Espinas, _Des sociétés animales_, p. 313; and the anonymous paper on “The Descent of Man” in _The Quarterly Review_, 1871, vol. cxiii. p. 62. [276] Westermarck, _Human Marriage_, pp. 245, 249. [277] Lindsay, _Mind in the Lower Animals_, i. p. 252, 253; ii. pp. 126, 219, 220; Grant Allen, _The Colour Sense_, pp. 119, 157, 167; Romanes, _Animal Intelligence_, p. 247. [278] Darwin, _The Descent of Man_, ii. pp. 123-125; Nilsson, _Foglarna_, i. pp. 202, 206; Lindsay, _Mind in the Lower Animals_, ii. p. 152; Cornish, _Life at the Zoo_, pp. 101-103, 105, 106. [279] Romanes, _Darwin_, i. p. 381; Büchner, _Liebe und Liebes-Leben_, p. 52.