§ 2. The teachings of Jesus of Nazareth 573 § 3. The universal religions 582 § 4. The crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth 584 § 5. Doctrines added to the teachings of Jesus 586 § 6. The struggles and persecutions of Christianity 594 § 7. Constantine the Great 598 § 8. The establishment of official Christianity 601 § 9. The map of Europe, A.D. 500 605 § 10. The salvation of learning by Christianity 609 CHAPTER XXXI. SEVEN CENTURIES IN ASIA (CIRCA 50 B.C. TO A.D. 650) § 1. Justinian the Great 614 § 2. The Sassanid Empire in Persia 616 § 3. The decay of Syria under the Sassanids 619 § 4. The first message from Islam 623 § 5. Zoroaster and Mani 624 § 6. Hunnish peoples in Central Asia and India 627 § 7. The great age of China 630 § 8. Intellectual fetters of China 635 § 9. The travels of Yuan Chwang 642 LIST OF MAPS AND ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE Life in the Early Palæozoic 11 Time-chart from Earliest Life to 40,000,000 Years Ago 14 Life in the Later Palæozoic Age 19 Australian Lung Fish 26 Some Reptiles of the Late Palæozoic Age 27 Astronomical Variations Affecting Climate 33 Some Mesozoic Reptiles 40 Later Mesozoic Reptiles 42 Pterodactyls and Archæopteryx 45 Hesperornis 48 Some Oligocene Mammals 53 Miocene Mammals 58 Time-diagram of the Glacial Ages 60 Early Pleistocene Animals, Contemporary with Earliest Man 64 The Sub-Man Pithecanthropus 65 The Riddle of the Piltdown Sub-Man 71 Map of Europe 50,000 Years Ago 77 Neanderthal Man 78 Early Stone Implements 81 Australia and the Western Pacific in the Glacial Age 82