§ 8. Alexander as a portent of world unity 397 CHAPTER XXV. SCIENCE AND RELIGION AT ALEXANDRIA § 1. The science of Alexandria 401 § 2. Philosophy of Alexandria 410 § 3. Alexandria as a factory of religions 410 CHAPTER XXVI. THE RISE AND SPREAD OF BUDDHISM § 1. The story of Gautama 415 § 2. Teaching and legend in conflict 421 § 3. The gospel of Gautama Buddha 422 § 4. Buddhism and Asoka 426 § 5. Two great Chinese teachers 433 § 6. The corruptions of Buddhism 438 § 7. The present range of Buddhism 440 BOOK V THE RISE AND COLLAPSE OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE CHAPTER XXVII. THE TWO WESTERN REPUBLICS § 1. The beginnings of the Latins 445 § 2. A new sort of state 454 § 3. The Carthaginian republic of rich men 466 § 4. The First Punic War 467 § 5. Cato the Elder and the spirit of Cato 471 § 6. The Second Punic War 475 § 7. The Third Punic War 480 § 8. How the Punic War undermined Roman liberty 485 § 9. Comparison of the Roman republic with a modern state 486 CHAPTER XXVIII. FROM TIBERIUS GRACCHUS TO THE GOD EMPEROR IN ROME § 1. The science of thwarting the common man 493 § 2. Finance in the Roman state 496 § 3. The last years of republican politics 499 § 4. The era of the adventurer generals 505 § 5. Caius Julius Cæsar and his death 509 § 6. The end of the republic 513 § 7. Why the Roman republic failed 516 CHAPTER XXIX. THE CÆSARS BETWEEN THE SEA AND THE GREAT PLAINS OF THE OLD WORLD § 1. A short catalogue of emperors 52 § 2. Roman civilization at its zenith 529 § 3. Limitations of the Roman mind 539 § 4. The stir of the great plains 541 § 5. The Western (true Roman) Empire crumples up 552 § 6. The Eastern (revived Hellenic) Empire 560 BOOK VI CHRISTIANITY AND ISLAM CHAPTER XXX. THE BEGINNINGS, THE RISE, AND THE DIVISIONS OF CHRISTIANITY § 1. Judea at the Christian era 569