§ 4. The world grows hard again 57 § 5. Chronology of the Ice Age 59 BOOK II THE MAKING OF MEN CHAPTER VIII. THE ANCESTRY OF MAN § 1. Man descended from a walking ape 62 § 2. First traces of man-like creatures 68 § 3. The Heidelberg sub-man 69 § 4. The Piltdown sub-man 70 § 5. The riddle of the Piltdown remains 72 CHAPTER IX. THE NEANDERTHAL MEN, AN EXTINCT RACE. (THE EARLY PALÆOLITHIC AGE) § 1. The world 50,000 years ago 75 § 2. The daily life of the first men 79 § 3. The last Palæolithic men 84 CHAPTER X. THE LATER POSTGLACIAL PALÆOLITHIC MEN, THE FIRST TRUE MEN. (LATER PALÆOLITHIC AGE) § 1. The coming of men like ourselves 86 § 2. Subdivision of the Later Palæolithic 95 § 3. The earliest true men were clever savages 98 § 4. Hunters give place to herdsmen 101 § 5. No sub-men in America 102 CHAPTER XI. NEOLITHIC MAN IN EUROPE § 1. The age of cultivation begins 104 § 2. Where did the Neolithic culture arise? 108 § 3. Everyday Neolithic life 109 § 4. How did sowing begin? 116 § 5. Primitive trade 118 § 6. The flooding of the Mediterranean Valley 118 CHAPTER XII. EARLY THOUGHT § 1. Primitive philosophy 122 § 2. The Old Man in religion 125 § 3. Fear and hope in religion 126 § 4. Stars and seasons 127 § 5. Story-telling and myth-making 129 § 6. Complex origins of religion 130 CHAPTER XIII. THE RACES OF MANKIND § 1. Is mankind still differentiating? 136 § 2. The main races of mankind 140 § 3. Was there an Alpine race? 142 § 4. The Heliolithic culture of the Brunet peoples 146 § 5. How existing races may be related to each other 148 CHAPTER XIV. THE LANGUAGES OF MANKIND § 1. No one primitive language 150 § 2. The Aryan languages 151 § 3. The Semitic languages 153