The bridges crossing Passaic River in Passaic, Essex, and Bergen counties were almost completely destroyed, and the damage amounted to $654,811. Within the limits of Paterson, below Great Falls, all of the highway bridges except two were either severely damaged or completely carried away. West street bridge, the first below the falls, was a Melan concrete, steel-arch structure, built in 1897, and costing $65,000. It was composed of three spans, each about 90 feet long. The flood practically split two spans longitudinally, the upstream side of each, equal to about one-third of the width of the bridge, being carried * * * * * U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER NO. 92 PL. IV [Illustration: _A._ WASHOUT AT SPRUCE STREET, PATERSON, N. J.] [Illustration: _B._ RIVER STREET, PATERSON, N. J., AFTER FLOOD.] U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WATER-SUPPLY PAPER NO. 92 PL. V [Illustration: _A._ EFFECTS OF FLOOD IN MILL DISTRICT, PATERSON, N. J.] [Illustration: _B._ THE WRECK OF A HOTEL IN PATERSON, N. J.] * * * * * away. This structure was built to conform to the established grades of streets on both sides of the river and was completely inundated, forming a barrier for floating debris and practically making a dam in the river. Main street bridge is a 3-span, steel-arch structure, which was completely covered during the flood, but was only slightly injured. Arch street bridge, built in 1902 to take the place of a structure carried away by the March flood, was a concrete-arch bridge of three spans. It was undermined at the north pier and collapsed, being practically destroyed. The original cost of this bridge was $34,000. Its piers presented a serious obstruction to the flow of the stream, especially as the channel is very narrow at this point. In addition to this, the bridge was of low grade and admirably adapted for deterring flood flow. Below Arch street bridge all the other structures crossing the Passaic were of iron and were carried away, with the exception of Sixth avenue and Wesel bridges. Those destroyed were designated as follows: Straight street, Hillman street, Moffat, Wagaraw, Fifth avenue, East Thirty-third street, and Broadway bridges. All these structures were built too low, and were inundated during the early stages of the flood. The damage to real property, stock, and household goods in the city of Paterson amounted, according to certified returns, to about $2,700,000. It is impossible to secure correct figures, because merchants and manufacturers refuse to give details of losses, fearing that the publication thereof would affect their credit. General ideas concerning the destruction by the flood can be gathered from Pls. I, _B_, III, IV, V, and VI.