The lung remains increased in volume and its surface is mottled with vivid colors. Often these are an indication of deeper parenchymatous change. The pale pink zones, through the pleural surface of which distended alveoli are discernible, are still prominent in the upper lobe, around the margins, and on the anterior surface of the lung. The darker purple, slightly elevated, often circumscribed, infarct-like areas (25, 34, 108) may occur anywhere, but are more frequent in the lower lobes. Small, maroon, slightly depressed areas of atelectasis may also involve the borders of the lung, usually the posterior borders; or they may occur between larger and more elevated areas on either lobe. Besides the purple, firm, projecting foci, paler pink or grey nodules of similar consistence may be present and show no structure when viewed through the pleura. The distribution of the different types of change is variable, and, aside from the fact that they involve the middle and lower lobes more frequently than the upper, no general statement is possible. In a few instances, one lobe, almost always the lower, may be more voluminous than the others, and although its pleura often suggests lobular involvement, the masses tend to be confluent and suggest a pseudolobar change. Sometimes, though rarely, this approaches a true lobar type of consolidation. (Compare Figs. XIII and XXVII.) Occasionally, the changes in the lung, except its increase in size, are obscured by pleural exudate which may form a thick, buttery, rather sticky mass on the surface (12, 19, 157) (Fig. XXXVII). Such pleural exudates are rare, and likewise it is uncommon to find so little pleural granulation as in the previous group. The roughening, as a rule, is not uniform, but is more prominent over the lower lobes and in the interlobar spaces than elsewhere. It may occur when there is no definite increase in the fluid content of the pleural sac. The lung, now sectioned, presents a surface in accord with the changes suggested from the description of its external appearance. As compared with the first stage the amount of syrupy, blood-stained exudate may be definitely decreased, especially in the upper lobe or in those portions of the lung where the solidification is less marked. Its character, too, may be more cloudy, and more ropy, or viscid; it bathes the surface and is scraped off in abundance with the blade of a knife from the underlying consolidated foci (108, 156). The bronchi and bronchioles, however, may be prominent, irrespective of the change in the parenchyma itself. From their lumina, thick, yellow pus wells forth and their mucous membrane is intensely congested. Where such involvement occurs in unconsolidated portions of the lung, the bronchioles are even more striking than in the hepatized areas in which the more widespread changes obscure the process. The dilatation of the bronchioles, especially in their smaller ramifications, is still conspicuous.