Occupation of New Mexico in 1846 by United States troops tended to solidify traditional _Hispano_ life in Abiquiú. In that year, Navajo harassments caused an encampment of 180 men under Major Gilpin to be stationed at Abiquiú.[40] Eventually, the Indian raids slackened, and a trading post for the Utes was set up at Abiquiú in 1853.[41] Neither the U.S. Army nor Indian trading posts, however, became integrated into Abiquiú's _Hispano_ way of life, and these extracultural influences soon moved on, leaving only a few commercial artifacts. With a new generation of inhabitants occupying Abiquiú between 1864 and 1886, the village on the Rio Chama lost its primary function as a buffer settlement against nomadic Indians and settled down into a well-established cultural pattern, which in part was preserved by the _penitentes_. Kit Carson had rounded up the Navajos at Bosque Redondo, and two decades later, by 1883, the Utes had been moved north. In preparation, the Indian trading post at Abiquiú was closed in 1872 and moved to the new seat of Rio Arriba County, Tierra Amarilla,[42] 65 kilometers northward. Within two generations, Abiquiú's population had fallen to fewer than 800 from a high of nearly 3,600 in 1827.[43] As a result, many _Hispanos_ at Abiquiú withdrew into the _penitente_ organization, which promised to preserve and even intensify their traditional ways of life and beliefs. These attitudes were materialized in the building of the _penitente moradas_. [19] DOMÍNGUEZ, _Missions_, pp. 121 (ftn. 1), 200. [20] AASF, Patentes, 1700, forbids friars to buy _genízaros_ even under the excuse of Christianizing them since the result would likely be morally dangerous. [21] H. H. BANCROFT, _History of Arizona and New Mexico_ (San Francisco, 1889), p. 258. [22] DOMÍNGUEZ, _Missions_, p. 336. [23] AASF, Loose Documents, Mission, 1782, no. 7. [24] DOMÍNGUEZ, _Missions_, p. 122. [25] Ibid., p. 123. [26] BANCROFT, p. 279. [27] AASF, Loose Documents, Mission, 1795, no. 13. [28] Ibid., 1796, nos. 6, 7. [29] Ibid., 1802, no. 18. [30] Ibid., 1820, nos. 15, 21, 38; also R. E. TWITCHELL, _The Spanish Archives of New Mexico_ (Cedar Rapids, 1914), vol. 2, pp. 630, 631. [31] AASF, Loose Documents, Mission, 1820, nos. 12, 21. [32] Ibid., 1826, no. 7. [33] Don Antonio was less than eager to accept his first post; he had to be ordered to report to duty (AASF, Accounts, book lxvi [box 6], April 27, 1826). [34] AASF, Patentes, 1831, book lxx, box 4, p. 25. [35] Ibid., book lxxiii, box 7. [36] AASF, Accounts, book lxii, box 5. [37] AASF, Loose Documents, Diocesan, 1853, no. 17, for Santuario and Cochiti; other rule books document _penitente_ chapters at Chimayo, El Rito, and Taos. [38] JEAN B. SALPOINTE, _Soldiers of the Cross_ (Banning, Calif., 1898). [39] AASF, Loose Documents, Diocesan, 1856, no. 12. [40] TWITCHELL, pp. 533-534. [41] BANCROFT, p. 665. [42] TWITCHELL, p. 447.